Chapter 10 Practice Questions: Blood
What term refers to a deficiency of white blood cells? - leukocytosis - leukopenia - polycythemia - leukemia
leukopenia
What term refers to a deficiency of white blood cells? - polycythemia - leuocytosis - leukemia - leukopenia
leukopenia Penia refers to a lessening, thus a low cell count.
Thrombocytopenia
platelet deficiency
Why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant? - to enhance the formation of clots - to enhance hematopoiesis - to increase vascular spasms - to inhibit the formation of clots - to inhibit release of erythopoietin
to inhibit the formation of clots
Bleeding disorders can result from the lack of ________. - vitamin K - vitamin A - vitamin C - vitamin D - vitamin B12
vitamin K
Blood normally clots in approximately ________. - 30 minutes - 1 minute - 3 to 6 minutes - 15 minutes - 5 to 10 minutes
3 to 6 minutes
Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding ________. - 10 percent - 30 percent - 5 percent - 20 percent - 50 percent
30 percent
The root word hema- means
blood
What is blood serum? - blood plasma minus vitamin K - leukocytes and platelets - blood plasma minus the clotting proteins - erythrocytes and leukocytes - formed elements and plasma
blood plasma minus the clotting proteins
The root word -penia means
deficiency
What long, hairlike molecules form the basis of a clot during coagulation? - fibrin - albumin - prothrombin - thrombin
fibrin
Place these leukocytes in order from the most common to the least common: 1) basophil 2) eosinophil 3) lymphocyte 4) monocyte 5) neutrophil - 5, 3, 4, 2, 1 - 3, 4, 5, 1, 2 - 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 - 5, 2, 3, 1, 4 - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
5, 3, 4, 2, 1 (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil) NLMEB
This image shows the formation of a clot. What is the name of the insoluble molecule that must form to complete the process of coagulation? - platelets - fibrin - tissue factor - fibrinogen
Fibrin Fibrin is an insoluble molecule that forms a meshwork to trap red blood cells. Fibrin forms the basis for the clot.
True or false: Calcium ions are necessary for coagulation to properly occur during hemostasis.
True
True or false: Vascular spasms, a part of process of hemostasis, limit blood loss during blood vessel injury.
True
Which of these indicates leukocytosis? - WBC count lower than 10,000 cells/mm3 - WBC count higher than 11,000 cells/mm3 - WBC count higher than 5,000 cells/mm3 - WBC count lower than 4,000 cells/mm3
WBC count higher than 11,000 cells/mm3
White blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain ________. - cytoplasm - a biconcave shape - the ability to transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide - the iron-containing molecule called hemoglobin - a nucleus and most organelles
a nucleus and most organelles
A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ________. - leukopenia - an embolus - polycythemia - a thrombus - hemophilia
a thrombus
Which of these functions to maintain osmotic and pH balance? - urea - globulin - albumin - fibrinogen
albumin
This image shows a sickled red blood cell. Which red blood cell disorder causes this misshapen cell? - leukemia - leukocytosis - polycythemia - anemia
anemia Anemia results from a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or an abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content in the blood. This image shows a sickled red blood cell resulting from sickle cell anemia, one form of anemia.
Which ions are essential for blood clotting to occur? - calcium - hydrogen - potassium - sodium -iodine
calcium
The type of leukocyte pictured here is a monocyte. What is the function of a monocyte? - clotting blood - changing into macrophages that fight chronic infection - playing a role in the immune response in lymphatic tissues - fighting parasitic worms
changing into macrophages that fight chronic infection Monocytes are phagocytes that change into macrophages when they enter tissues.
Which of these is a plasma electrolyte? - chloride - urea - albumin - platelet
chloride
Which of these is a plasma electrolyte? - platelet - chloride - urea - albumin
chloride
The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostasis is termed ________. - hematopoiesis - diapedesis - coagulation - positive chemotaxis - agglutination
coagulation
What is the final step of hemostasis in which the formation of a blood clot is accomplished? - vascular spasms - formation of a platelet plug - erythropoiesis - agglutination - coagulation
coagulation
What triggers the adherence of platelets to the wall of an injured blood vessel? - vascular spasm - collagen fibers - thrombin activation - endothelium
collagen fibers
Which of these is a function of erythrocytes? - fighting infection - transporting excess iron - stimulating blood clotting - helping transport carbon dioxide
helping transport carbon dioxide
Which of these is a normal value for whole blood? - hematocrit: 45% - erythrocytes: 4,000 to 6,000 thousand per mm3 of blood - pH: 6.8 to 7.2 - water: 85% of plasma volume
hematocrit: 45%
What is the name of the stem cell that gives rise to all formed elements? - hemocytoblast - agranulocyte - granulocyte
hemocytoblast The hemocytoblast is the stem cell that gives rise to all formed elements.
Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ________. - aplastic anemia - hemophilia - thrombocytopneia - petechiae
hemophilia
What disorder is associated with deficiency of clotting factors? - thrombosis - thrombocytopenia - embolism - hemophilia
hemophilia
Which of the following is a blood clotting disorder? - leukocytosis - hemophilia - polycythemia - anemia - leukopenia
hemophilia
The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________. - erythropoiesis - homeostasis - hematopoiesis - hemostasis
hemostasis
Which of the following inhibits clot formation? - serum - heparin - tissue factor - serotonin
heparin Heparin can be used in patients at risk for thrombus or embolus formation.
Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections? - platelets - leukocytes - erythrocytes (transport oxygen and carbon dioxide) - globulins (proteins in plasma)
leukocytes Defense and immunity are the functions of the white blood cells.
A recent blood test shows that Mr. Jimenez's total WBC count exceeded 11,000 cells/mm3. What is most likely his condition? - anemia - leukocytosis - leukopenia - polycythemia
leukocytosis
Which organ is largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors? - kidneys - thyroid - liver - pancreas - spleen
liver
Thrombin
main protein involved in clotting
In what type of patient would physiologic jaundice be diagnosed? - individual with food poisoning - newborn baby - elderly male - individual with liver disease
newborn baby
What type of anemia is associated with atrophy of the stomach mucosa in the elderly? - pernicious anemia - hemolytic anemia - aplastic anemia - iron-deficiency anemia
pernicious anemia
Which of these formed elements is responsible for stopping bleeding? - platelet - monocyte - lymphocyte - neutrophil
platelet
The root word erythro- means
red
Erythocyte
red blood cell
The root word thromb- means
related to clotting
Which of these is a genetic cause of anemia? - bone marrow destruction - inadequate iron - sickle cell - RBC lysis
sickle cell
Which anemia is caused by a genetic mutation? - aplastic anemia - hemolytic anemia - pernicious anemia - sickle cell anemia
sickle cell anemia
Hemocytoblast
stem cell for all blood cells
What enzyme joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long molecules of fibrin during coagulation? - calcium - prothrombin - thrombin - PF3 - tissue factor
thrombin
Which clotting factor converts fibrinogen to fibrin? - thrombin - platelets - serum - calcium
thrombin
What does treatment of hemophilia often involve? - vitamin K supplements and vitamin B12 injections - vitamin K supplements only - transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor - injections of missing clotting factors and vitamin B12 injections - transfusion of plasma and vitamin K supplements
transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor
Which of these occurs first in hemostasis? - platelet plug formation - thrombus formation - fibrin activation - vascular spasm
vascular spasm Contraction of smooth muscle causes vasoconstriction, reducing blood loss.
Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis? - vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation - coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm - platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm - coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation - vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
Placing pressure on a cut will constrict blood vessels manually, and encourages ________. - the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin - coagulation - vascular spasms - platelet plug formation - agglutination
vascular spasms
The root word leuk- means
white
Leukocyte
white blood cell
What is the most common type of formed element? - agranulocytes - platelets - erythrocytes - neutrophils
erythrocytes
