Chapter 10
Antibodies
Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents
What are spiral shaped bacteria called?
Spirilla
True or False : Some microbes can be resident flora in one part of the body and pathogens in another.
True ex: e.coli
What happens when the body activates the immune system?
Vessels around the infection dilate allowing more blood flow to the area, which brings more oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, along with a large number of white blood cells
bacteria colonies
Visible cluster of numerous bacterial cells, presumably cultured from a single cell.
What is a communicable disease?
a disease that is spread from one host to another
Fungi
a group of plant-like organism that scientists have classified together because of certain characteristics, including their make up of cell walls.
Vector
a living creature that transmits disease
What is a microbe/microorganism?
a living thing that cannot be seen with the naked eye, many consist of only one cell
Tinea Pedis
athlete's foot
Anaerobic bacteria
bacteria that do not require oxygen to survive
Name the different types of Microbes
bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
prefix strepto
chains of bacteria
prefix staphylo
grape like clusters of bacteria
What are normal/resident flora?
harmless microbes that help the human body to function properly
Nosocomial infection
hospital acquired infection
Antisepsis
killing microbes or stopping them from growing
MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
Opportunistic Microbes
microbes that are considered normal (resident) flora when they are in or on one part of the body, but can cause infection if they move out of that area and into or onto another part of the body
What are Pathogens?
microbes that can cause illness
transient normal flora
microbes that reside on the skin surface and are easily removed
prefix diplo
pairs of bacteria
Chain of infection
pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, method of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
Sanitization
removal of pathogens from objects to meet public health standards
Tinea Corporis
ringworm
Medical Asepsis
sanitization, antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization
how do scientists classify bacteria?
shape, way they arrange themselves, by the way they stain
non-specific defense mechanisms
skin, mucosal surfaces, tears, saliva, gastric juices
what is an example of a nonspecific defense mechanism?
sneezing or coughing
Viruses
the smallest of all microbes, not even complete cells, they are just small bundles of protein.
VRE
vancomycin resistant enterococcus
Endospore
A hard shell that surrounds a bacteria in a state of inactivity
Fomite
A physical object that serves to transmit an infectious agent from person to person.
Where can you find microbes?
Air, soil, water, food, human body.
What are rod-shaped bacteria called?
Bacilli
Aerobic bacteria
Bacteria that require oxygen for survival
What is special about a virus regarding reproduction?
Because theyre not complete cells, they can reproduce. Instead they take over a host cell, and use their "machinery" to make copies of itself. Eventually the copies break through the cell wall and go on to infect other neighboring cells.
C. Diff
Clostridium difficile
What are round bacteria called?
Cocci
Specific defense mechanisms
Immune response, antibodies, t-cells
MDRO's
Multi-Drug Resistant microOrganisms - MDROs are very serious because drugs do not kill them.
Parasites
Organisms that live in or on a host and use that host for food and protection.