Chapter 10 Smartbook assignment

In a typical, mature, dividing mammalian cell, what proportion of the cell cycles is taken by mitosis?

A very small fraction (about 5%)

The cleavage furrow of animals cells is formed with the help of a constricting belt made of the protein ________.

Actin

Phosphorylation within the cell cycle is performed by enzymes called _______.

Cdk

If necessary, the cell can be arrested at specific points called ________.

Checkpoints

Cytokinesis in animals cells involves the formation of a ______ furrow around the cell.

Cleavage

Protein kinases that regulate the cell cycle and are only active when completed with the protein cyclin are called ________.

Cyclin-dependent kinases

Condensation of chromosomes is initiated in the _____ phase of interphase and continues until the end of prophase.

G2

Three checkpoints at which the cell cycle can be delayed

G2/M G1/S metaphase checkpoint

The nucleosome core includes two each of four histones named _______,_______,______, and __________.

H2A, H2B, H3, and H4

Which statement accurately compares cell division in bacterial and eukaryotic cells?

In both types of cells, cell division produces two new cells with the same genetic information as the original cell.

During _________ , which includes the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, the cell grows and chromosomes replicate in preparation for cell division.

Interphase

While preparing to divide, the cell grows and copies its chromosomes during which stage?

Interphase

Growth factors usually work by initiating ________ kinase _______

MAP cascade

Bacterial cells divide to produce new cells for which of the following?

Population growth Reproduction

The shortest stage of mitosis is _______.

anaphase

Which of the following is the shortest stage of mitosis?

anaphase

How do bacteria reproduce?

binary fission

What is a sequence of growth, replication, and division that produces new eukaryotic cells called?

cell cycle

When DNA replicates, the sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres by which of the following complex of proteins?

cohesins

In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the production of new cells follows a highly regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division. This sequence is referred to as the cell ________, which consists of the G1, S, G2 and M phases

cycle

The cells of many eukaryotic organisms contain two sets of chromosomes and are said to contain a _________ number of chromosomes

diploid

Two irreversible points in the cell cycle are replication of ______ material and ______ of sister chromatids.

genetic, separation

One complete set of chromosomes necessary to define an organism is also known as the _________ number of chromosomes

haploid

During prometaphase, which protein complex on each sister chromatid attaches to the spindle?

kinetochore

During prometaphase, sister chromatids attach to the spindle by their _____, which are attached to the centromere region of each sister chromatid.

kinetochores

In bacterial cells, the replication of DNA begins at a specific site called the _________ of replication, and proceeds in both directions around the circular DNA until a specific ________ site is reached.

origin and termination

Cdks are enzymes which regulate proteins within the cell cycle via __.

phosphorylation

In which of the following cells does cytokinesis involve the formation of a cell plate?

plant cells

Which of the following produce a cell plate during cytokinesis?

plant cells

Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of a cell ______ which starts at a right angle to the spindle apparatus in the interior of the cell and extends out to the plasma _________

plate, membrane

Condensation of chromosomes continues throughout which phase of mitosis?

prophase

First stage of mitosis

prophase

Two components of an active Cdk

protein kinase and cyclin

Which of the following does not occur during the mitosis phase of the cell cycle?

replication of chromosomes

After DNA replication each condensed chromosome is made of two identical halves called ________ ________

sister chromatids

When is the spindle apparatus broken down?

telophase

Cells control the cell cycle by integrating internal information and external signals and delaying (or even halting) the cell cycle at ____ (number) checkpoints.

three

Typically, a dividing mammalian cell completes its cell cycle in about how many hours?

24 hours

Cell division in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells produces genetically ________ cells

identical

During _____ chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

metaphase

The pairs of sister chromatids align themselves in a single row along a plane half-way between the poles during which phase of mitosis?

metaphase

The German biologist, Walter Flemming, was the first to microscopically observe which of the following processes?

mitosis

The part of the cell cycle that is subdivided into five phases, during which the spindle apparatus assembles, binds to chromosomes, and moves sister chromatids apart, is

mitosis

During the five phases of ________, the replicated genetic material is partitioned into _________ new nuclei.

mitosis, 2