Chapter 11

Widespread marijuana use for its psychoactive properties in Europe began in the __________.

1960s

The principal psychoactive agent in cannabis was isolated in _________.

1964

NIDA's 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that about __________ of Americans have used marijuana at least once.

40%

More than ___________ individual chemical compounds have been identified in the cannabis plant.

400

Approximately how much of the THC available in a marijuana cigarette is present in the smoke?

50%

The __________, published in 1944 and created at the request of the mayor of New York, concluded that marijuana use was not particularly harmful to the user or to society at large.

LaGuardia Commission Report

The center of marijuana use and distribution in 1920s America was __________.

New Orleans

A report issued by the __________ concluded that there was a scientific foundation for studying marijuana as a treatment vehicle.

United States National Academy of Sciences

The use of cannabis was introduced to Great Britain primarily by _________.

William O'Shaughnessy

The peak heart rate following smoking marijuana is reached _________.

about 20 minutes after smoking

Marijuana's effects on psychomotor activity and performance appear to be related to __________.

dosage

Which of the following has not been identified as a possible explanation for marijuana's effect on short-term memory?

marijuana use destroys neural connections in the hippocampus

Marijuana cigarettes contain ____________________.

more tar than tobacco cigarettes

The most rapid and efficient absorption of marijuana occurs through __________. The drug effects following __________ last approximately 2-4 hours.

smoking; smoking

What is the main drawback to the medical use of cannabis and THC synthetics?

uncomfortable and disorienting mental effects

__________ is marijuana that is soaked in formaldehyde and dried before being smoked.

AMP

Marijuana affects which of the following neurotransmitters?

All the above (L-glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA)

___________ is a chemical that binds to the same receptors on brain cells as do cannabinoids that researchers are using to study how the cannabinoid receptors affect various functions.

Anandamide

The earliest known users of hashish were the __________ in the 10th Century.

Arabs

Which of the following is a synthetic product that chemically resembles the cannabinoids and is used in current medical treatment?

Cesamet

The earliest known use of marijuana for its pharmacological properties occurred in 2800 B.C. in __________.

China

Which two states approved referendums to regulate, tax, and control marijuana in 2012?

Colorado and Washington

The book The Hasheesh Eater, published in 1857, was written by __________ and describes his cannabis-eating experiences over a four-year period.

Fitz Hugh Ludlow

__________, the head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics in 1932, led the fight for the criminalization of marijuana use and trafficking, which resulted in the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937.

Harry J. Anslinger

__________ is a concentrated liquid marijuana extract derived from the cannabis plant using solvents.

Hash oil

__________ is not a commonly reported consequence of marijuana use.

Increased sensitivity to pain

__________ is the leafy top portion of the cannabis sativa plant, while __________ is the resin produced by the plant to protect it from the sun.

Marijuana; hashish

The Cannabis Buyers Club, which opened in 1992, was established in ___________.

San Francisco

The primary psychoactive agent in marijuana is __________.

THC

What legislation, passed in 1937, markedly decreased prescribed medicinal uses of marijuana?

The Marijuana Tax Act

__________, in the 1840s, described his experiences at the Hashish Club.

Theophile Gautier

Following cannabis ingestion, marked concentrations of THC can be found in the ________ even when blood levels of THC are zero.

all of these (brain,lungs,kidneys,liver)

Which of the following effects on the reproductive system has research shown to be associated with chronic marijuana use.

all of these (decreases in the number of sperm in men, nonovulatory menstrual cycles in women, decreases in sperm motility in men)

Followers of emperor Shen Nung at around 2800 B.C. used marijuana for __________.

all of these (its psychoactive effects, to counter the influence of evil spirits, its sedative properties)

Which of the following has been reported as a result of marijuana use?

all of these (more intense sexual pleasure, disinterest in sex, impotence)

The most commonly reported physiological effect of marijuana is __________.

blood-shot eyes

A _________ is a cigar that is emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana.

blunt

Marijuana has shown promise in the treatment of ________, a disorder in which an individual wastes away, often due to HIV or cancer.

cachexia

Cannabis has been viewed as a medical treatment for __________.

glaucoma

Cannabis sativa is a ____________.

hemp plant

Negative emotional effects of marijuana use are most often reported by _________.

inexperienced users

The finding that experienced users are more sensitive to cannabis effects than novice smokers is probably due to __________.

learning

Which of the following has marijuana not been used to treat?

mania

Which of the following is true regarding the research evidence on the social environmental effects of marijuana?

marijuana use combined with preexisting personality characteristics may produce the amotivational syndrome

Research has clearly shown that marijuana use results in irreversible, long-term damage to the _________.

none of these

Almost all marijuana smokers eventually enter a stage of __________.

relaxation

In New York City, during Prohibition, __________ opened to give marijuana users a place to smoke.

tea-pads

Marijuana's effects on speech (that is, rapid or slurred speech, circumstantial talk, and loquaciousness) occur in __________.

the early stages of use

How does marijuana use affect the perception of time passage?

time seems to pass more slowly than it actually does

Evidence that marijuana was used ________ in ancient times has been found in the examination of a 1600 year old body discovered by Israeli scientists.

to speed the birth process