Chapter 11

_________ refers to our ability to bring about desired changes through our own efforts.

Self-efficacy

Peggy Blake and her colleagues constructed a scale of "life-changing units" to measure the impact of life changes among college students. Surveys with students revealed that:

Some of them considered academic success to be stressful.

Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

The exhaustion stage

According to your text, if you are American you are most likely stressed about __________

The future of the nation

In the context of stress, which of the following is true of predictability and control?

The illusion of being in control allows people to feel that they are not at the mercy of the fates.

According to the different kinds of support for coping with stress, __________ involves listening to people's problems and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance.

emotional concern

_______ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness.

Biological factors

Humor helps people cope with stress by_______.

Creating positive cognitive shifts that result in positive emotions.

________ stress is considered healthful.

Eustress

Eugene believes that he can bring about positive changes in his life through his own efforts. Psychologists would say that Eugene ________.

Has high self-efficacy expectations

If you have a(n) ______ locus of control you tend to believe that you can influence when you receive reinforcers.

Internal

In the context of the general adaptation syndrome, which of the following is true of the fight-or-flight reaction?

It stems from a period in human prehistory when many stressors were life threatening.

Cancer is characterized by the development of abnormal, or mutant, cells that may take root anywhere in the body: in the blood, boned, digestive tract, lungs, and sex organs. If their spread is not controlled early, the cancerous cells may _________, that is, establish colonies elsewhere in the body.

Metastasize

High self-efficacy expectations are accompanied by

low levels of adrenaline.

Which of the following is considered the most complex form of conflict?

Multiple approach-avoidance

Which of the following hassles is an example of environmental hassles?

Noise

Which of the following is not a characteristic of psychological hardiness?

Aggression

Suzanne Kobasa and her colleagues studied business executives who seemed able to resist illness despite stress. In one phase of the research, executives completed a battery of psychological tests, and the researchers found that the psychologically hardy executives tended to __________.

Appraise change as an interesting incentive to personal growth

After returning from work, Greg contemplates whether he should stay at home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay at home because he likes to relax, but feels guilty about not getting enough exercise. He knows that if he goes to the gym, he will be glad that he is exercising but unhappy because he does not enjoy the activity. According to Neal E. Miller, this is an example of a(n) __________.

Multiple approach-avoidance conflict

According to the general adaptation syndrome, the levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity in the _________ are lower than the levels in the alarm reaction but still higher than normal.

Resistance stage