Chapter 11 AP Euro

Impact of Reformation

1. Protestantism w/ many sects, e.g. Calvinists, spread throughout Europe 2. religious wars erupted, Catholics v. Protestants, as Catholic rulers tried to force rebellious nobles back into the Church 3. Christian split was officially accepted - Peace of Augsburg (1555) - noble could decide religion of his state 4. English Reformation (1534) - King Henry VIII broke from the Church, creating a "Protestant" Church of England

Diet/Edict of Worms

1521; meeting at Worms; Congress of Church, was convened and Luther was forced to go on trial and was convicted of Heresy. He wouldn't recant his statements and so was declared an outlaw.

John Tetzel

Archbishop Albert hired John Tetzel to sell indulgences to the people. Tetzel even made up an advertising scheme for the sale of indulgences. He drew up a chart with the prices for the forgiveness of sins.

Predestination

Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.

Peace of Augsburg 1555

Document in which Charles V recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of the prince determined the religion of his subjects.

Thomas More

English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded

Martin Luther

German theologian who led the Reformation, a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

Act of Supremacy 1534

Henry VIII called on the people to take an oath to recognize the annulment/divorce and accept Henry, not the Pope, as the official head of the English Church. (Parliament's role was instrumental)

Geneva, Switzerland

John Calvin's city that was to become a model Christian community. A city whose laws matched the will of God (or Calvin). Geneva was a refuge for persecuted Protestants.

Edward VI

King of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553 son of Henry VIII and died from tuberculosis at early age

Holy Roman Empire

Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. ruled by charmelagne

John Calvin

Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564), French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion

Institutes of Christian Religion

Written by John Calvin, it contained four books which codified Protestant theology. Among these beliefs were the ultimate authority of the word of God, the depravity of man, and his belief that the Bible is the only source of Revelation.

Reformation

a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

Council of Trent

an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation

Counter-Reformation

catholic church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to Strengthen the Catholic Church

Theocracy

government run by religious leaders

Anabaptist

member of a protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be christian and believed in the separation of church and state

Ignatious Loyola

organized the Society of Jesus, a new order of Jeuits. He taught to submit to Church authority and spiritual direction

Indulgences

pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment

Thomas More's Utopia

presented the idea of a perfect city, later beheaded for writing it. People of Utopia do not seek wealth, they share everything. Said that state was more responsible than the sinner for societies faults

Henry VIII

son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547 divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived

The Elect

the name for the people who are the ones who God has chosen to save in predestination. This is the belief of the Calvinism religion and that only these people can be saved and ordinary people cannot earn salvation. This belief was started by John Calvin in 1536 in France when he published "Institutes of the Christian Religion" and is still the belief of Calvinists today.

Archbishop of Canterbury

the spiritual leader of the Anglican church, based in England

Wittenburg

where luther was sent in 1511 to be a teacher at a university and a preacher at a church; at this church he questioned the veneration of relics

95 Theses

written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. It is vitally important to understand that these theses were used for the intent of displaying Luther's displeasure with the Church's indulgences

Luther's 3 Fundamental Beliefs

•Salvation was gained through faith alone. •The Bible was the sole source of religious truth. •The idea that priests or the Church had special powers was rejected