Chapter 11 Cultural Competency -DH Community

Refers to a population with shared physical characteristics.

Race

Processes to Develop Cultural Sensitivity

-Assess one's own cultural beliefs and values -Recognize one's culture influences affecting communication -Be knowledgeable of the patient's belief system -Be sensitive to gesture, concerns, and questions -Be aware and respectful of cultural differences -Listen and observe

What are 3 ways for cultural tools to pass from one person to another?

-Imitative learning -Instructed learning -Collaborative learning

Culture encompasses??

Attitudes Values Beliefs

What plays an important role in health care because beliefs and values concerning wellness, disease, and illness are culturally determined?

CULTURE

Being able to effectively communicate with those from different cultures.

Cross-cultural communication

The effective integration of the patients or populations socioethnocultural background and into the dental hygiene process of care

Cross-cultural dental hygiene

The belief that because a patient or population looks and behaves much like the provider, there are no cultural differences or potential barriers to care.

Cultural blind spot syndrome

The awareness of and respect for an individuals or populations cultural differences, the recognition of how these differences impact a specific group, and the ability to communicate effectively and work cross-culturally. -Being culturally competent when treating patients of different cultures can help the DH deliver care and education effectively.

Cultural competency

People display ________ ___________ when they are aware of and understand cultural differences during interactions with people.

Cultural sensitivity

Cultural diversity?

Different religions, diets, dress, beliefs, values

What is always the key to any successful transaction or interaction between people or groups of people.

Effective communication

Represents social groups with a shared history, sense of identity, geography, and cultural roots.

Ethnicity

Pluralism

Exists when numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups are present and tolerated within a society.

Culture

Is a complex and multifaceted social phenomenon that has powerful influences on all aspects of modern life Culture encompasses attitudes, values, and beliefs.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Is the difference between a child's actual level of development displayed by unassisted performance and the child's potential level as indicated by assisted performance.

The fact that only a small number of minorities work in the oral health care professions may be considered a barrier to oral health care. A study of the racial and ethnic composition of the health care workforce reveals that the dental workforce is the lease diverse of all the health professions

a. the 1st is true and the second statement is false b. the 1st is false, and the second statement is true. c. Both are true d. both are false C. BOTH ARE TRUE

Which of the following could prevent a patient from seeking care or reduce effectiveness of care

a. unhealthy behaviors b. severe pain c. language barrier d. none of the above c. LANGUAGE BARRIER

2000 US Census categorized race in 6 populations

-White -Black or African American -American Indian and Alaska Native -Asian -Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander -Some other race

Health Promotion/Disease Prevention for Diverse Populations

-validate and test assessment instrument/strategies/mechanisms that increase health promotion and disease -investigate how diversity among populations impacts the promotion of oral health -investigate the effectiveness of oral-self care behaviors

Cultural competence

Begins with an honest desire not to allow biases to keep us from treating every individual with respect. This requires an honest assessment of our positive and negative assumptions about others.

The use of herbs, natural products, and practices, such as massage or yoga.

Complementary alternatives medicine (CAM)

The dental work force is the _____ diverse of all the health professions and the dental hygiene profession is the _____ culturally diverse.

Least ×2

The ability to communicate effectively and respond appropriately to the health literacy needs of all populations.

Linguistic competence

Stereotyping

Members of one group holding a common standardized mental picture that represents an oversimplified opinion or prejudice of that group. Stereotyping a population can quickly shut down communication and understanding for its concerns.

Sociocultural theory

Proposed by Lev Vygotsky suggests that an individual's social interaction as a child leads to continuous changes in thought and behavior that can vary greatly from culture to culture. This theory explains why, as stated earlier, fully understanding a culture that is not a person's own is difficult/ 3 ways for cultural tools to pass from one person to another. -imitative learning: by which a person tried to imitate or copy another -instructed learning: involves remembering the instructions of the teacher and then using these instructions to self-regulate -passing along cultural tools: through collaborative learning, striving to understand each other

Subculture

Refers to a group of people with a culture that differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong.

Ability to interpret and transmit information to someone from a different culture.

Transcultural communication skills

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture or traditions are better than other cultures. The provider who is ethnocentric tends to antagonize and alienate patients from other cultures. To avoid cultural biases that distort perceptions of other people's values and behavior, which can damage the ability to communicate, a person must first acknowledge that ethnocentrism exists!!

The inability to recognize cultural differences related to health care can lead to?

Treatment failure, Frustrations, Patient attrition

A country in which people strive to acculturate into a new society and make valiant attempts to change their cultural patterns to those of their host society is called

a. Melting pot b. a salad bowl c. jello a. MELTING POT

Which of the following is or are guidelines to effective communication

a. assess one's own cultural beliefs b. recognize those culture influences that affect communication c. understand a patient's belief system d. all the above d. ALL THE ABOVE

The importance of cultural competence

is reflected in the ADHA's recently revised National Dental Hygiene Research agenda. -it identifies areas of research needed in dental hygiene.