Chapter 11: Industry and energy practice quiz

Which of the following is NOT considered an activity that is among the largest consumers of energy? A) industry B) recreation C) transportation D) homes E) commercial activity

B

The Industrial Revolution began in A) the late 1500s. B) the late 1600s. C) the late 1700s. D) the late 1800s. E) the late 1900s.

C

The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is A) trade negotiations with more developed countries. B) identifying unique economic assets. C) inability to repay loans. D) promoting dependency. E) currency inflation.

C

A greenhouse is an example of a(n) A) active solar energy system. B) biomass generator. C) nonrenewable energy source. D) passive solar energy system. E) fusion system.

D

A leader in microfinance has been A) the World Bank. B) the IMF. C) Bank of America. D) Grameen Bank. E) the Central Bank of the EU.

D

Austerity programs A) target cuts in private industry payroll. B) introduce furlough days in private firms. C) introduce new taxes on water and electricity. D) target cuts in government spending on welfare benefits. E) target the dissolution of unions.

D

101) Breathing or consuming toxic wastes A) can cause cancer, chronic ailments or immediate death. B) is rare because toxic wastes are properly disposed of. C) is only a problem in areas in the former manufacturing belt. D) is only a concern in China's industrial sites. E) is associated with the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

A

Empowerment refers to A) the ability of women to achieve economic and political power. B) a constitutional guarantee that women have the right to choose. C) a woman being given permission to serve in the military. D) a constitutional guarantee of equal pay for equal work. E) disenfranchised women.

A

HDI is function of A) standard of living, education, and health. B) standard of living, environmental health, and democracy. C) education, health, and democracy. D) fair trade, sustainability, and education. E) low debt, education, and health.

A

In contrast to Fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to A) introduce more flexible work rules. B) place more importance on site factors. C) assign each worker one task. D) include repetitive tasks. E) require larger inventories of parts and components.

A

The Industrial Revolution began in A) Great Britain. B) Japan. C) Russia. D) the United States. E) the Fertile Crescent.

A

The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote A) balanced growth of all economic sectors. B) global competitiveness for local industries. C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy. D) unequal distribution of resources. E) international trade.

A

The step of the copper production process that involves the crushing and grinding of particles is A) concentration. B) refining. C) mining. D) smelting. E) transportation.

A

Using the above map, observe that the inequality-adjusted human development index of the United States is A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries. B) greater than any other country in the world. C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries. D) greater than Canada because a higher percentage of people in the United States have quality health care. E) inferior to Western European countries but far superior to Canada.

A

Which of the following sectors of the economy has grown the fastest in the United States since the mid-1970s? A) Service B) Agriculture C) Retail D) Manufacturing E) Military

A

As a country's per capita income increases, its per capita carbon dioxide emissions A) decrease. B) also increase. C) begin to decrease, at first slowly and then rapidly. D) remain about the same. E) increase for a few years, then remain stable, and then begin to decrease.

B

BRIC countries represent A) a political alliance to ensure reduced dependency on the European Union. B) a potential dominant industrial bloc if they work together. C) the world's nuclear powers. D) countries committed to green, sustainable economic development. E) the world's most significant technical labor source.

B

A significant drawback to wind power is A) the turbines obstructing the landscape. B) the novelty of windmill technology raises the risk. C) the cost of the turbines requires significant capital investment. D) oil companies discourage it. E) there are only a few areas on the globe that would benefit.

C

Air pollution A) is only a problem in South Asian cities. B) is only a problem in urban areas. C) is generated from power plants, factories, and motor vehicles. D) is only associated with hydrocarbons. E) is less pervasive than acid rain.

C

Core-periphery models are generally based on the idea that A) all world regions are equally well developed B) levels of social and economic development are fairly uniform between core areas and peripheral areas C) sharp spatial contrasts in social and economic development exist between economic heartlands and outlying subordinate areas D) the growth and prosperity of core countries has not been achieved at the expense of peripheral countries E) the economic and social heart of a territory should be at its geographic center

C

Fabricated metal production is an example of a A) perishable industry. B) specialized industry. C) bulk-gaining industry. D) communications-oriented industry. E) labor intensive industry.

C

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the A) total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year. B) total value of exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year. C) total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year. D) total value of human capital development in a country during a year. E) total value of investments made in domestic and foreign sources of revenue during a year.

C

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was geographically A) clustered. B) concentrated. C) dispersed. D) random. E) nonexistent.

C

Producers of automobiles select assembly plant locations primarily for their closer access to A) government subsidies. B) labor markets. C) markets for finished automobiles. D) raw materials. E) water transportation.

C

The lowest HDI may be found in A) Europe. B) Central Asia. C) Sub-Saharan Africa. D) Latin America. E) Central America.

C

The supply of energy remaining in discovered deposits is A) potential reserve. B) reserve profits. C) proven reserve. D) exhausted potential. E) Southfork futures.

C

Which factor of production is geographically fixed? A) labor B) capital C) land D) business acumen E) communications

C

Which is the LEAST developed region among the following? A) North America B) Eastern Europe C) Southwest Asia D) Western and Central Europe E) East Asia

C

25) Which of the following is NOT true about the world's energy supply? A) 33 percent of the world's natural gas is produced in Southwest Asia and Russia. B) Approximately 50 percent of the world's coal reserves are found in China. C) Russia and Saudi Arabia provide at least 25 percent of the world's petroleum. D) The United States produced 50 percent of the world's petroleum output. E) 33 percent of the world's natural gas comes from the United States and other developed countries.

D

As a less developed country's economy evolves, the size of the primary sector, the size of the secondary sector, and the size of the tertiary sectors fluctuate. Which of the following statements best describes the highest level of job-opportunity change as countries shift from the periphery to the semi periphery level of development? A) Primary sector employment increases as the country's domestic demand for food and energy increases. B) Primary sector employment increases as the country's economy becomes increasingly export oriented. C) Tertiary sector employment grows more quickly than any other sector because of foreign direct investment. D) Secondary sector employment increases as the demand for manufactured products increases. E) Secondary and tertiary sector employment declines as factories and offices are increasingly automate

D

Environmental laws, labor availability, and access to markets are major factors affecting which of the following? A) Political affiliation B) Gross domestic product C) Property tax rates D) Manufacturing locations E) Transportation costs

D

Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy? A) sixth percentile B) primary and secondary C) primary D) tertiary E) the data sector

D

The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is A) increased demand for many goods. B) increased price of petroleum. C) regional cooperation. D) unequal distribution of resources. E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.

D

This economic activity is largely associated with consumptive water use? A) car wash services B) laundromats C) tubing recreation D) agriculture E) coal mining

D

Using the above map, observe that copper is found in all but which country? A) Chile B) Mexico C) Peru D) Brazil E) Democratic Republic of Congo

D

Using the above map, observe which less developed country does NOT exceed 50 percent? A) Tunisia B) Mongolia C) Mauritania D) Venezuela E) Guyana

D

Which of the following is NOT true concerning recycling? A) Aluminum scrap is readily accepted for recycling. B) Glass can be used without loss of quality. C) Plastics are symbolized with rankings for safety in recycling. D) Newspaper recycling has declined as paper pulp prices have declined. E) Mixed color glass is not profitable for recycling.

D

An example of a primary sector activity is A) education. B) manufacturing. C) banking. D) retailing. E) mining.

E

Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following? A) the approximate level of spiritual well being in a country B) the number of countries below sea level C) the distribution of wealth within a country D) the political dimensions of a population E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

E

Using the above map of cotton yarn production, after China, India, and Pakistan the world leaders in yarn production include A) Argentina, Russia, and Australia. B) Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Egypt, the United States, Turkey, Russia, and Australia. C) Egypt, France, Germany, Belgium, and Poland. D) Argentina, the United States, Iraq, Iran, and Russia. E) Turkey, Egypt, the United States, and Brazil

E

Using the above map, observe that outside of the three world regions where industry is concentrated, the next two largest industrial producing countries are A) India and Pakistan. B) Brazil and Canada. C) Ukraine and Brazil. D) China and India. E) Brazil and India.

E

Why is the percentage of a country's labor force engaged in agriculture an important indicator of the level of development?

Lower percentage in agriculture means more people are free to work in productive industries and services.

What is the most significant financial problem faced by less developed countries in attempting to fund their development plans? Provide an example to illustrate this difficulty.

They attempt to borrow from international lending agencies or financial institutions in more developed countries, but they often have difficulty repaying the loans. Examples will vary.

A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a A) bulk-reducing industry. B) perishable industry. C) bulk-gaining industry. D) specialized manufacturer. E) fabrication concentration point.

A

A stimulus strategy is introduced by governments to A) counter negative conditions of economic downturns. B) ensure TNC stock prices don't collapse. C) provide education funds in developed countries. D) provide health benefits to all citizens. E) promote research and development.

A

Although many factory laborers in MDCs are paid $________ per hour, factory laborers in LDCs may be paid less than $________ per hour. A) 35; 2 B) 75; 15 C) 35; 10 D) 100; 20 E) 45; 2

A

Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry as well as a just-in-time delivery system, the most important factor when selecting a location for a new Toyota or Honda assembly plant in the United States might be A) minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers. B) minimizing the cost of shipping inputs and outputs in relation to customers. C) maximizing delivery time to customers. D) the location of railroads. E) the location of waterways.

A

Compared with more-developed countries, which of the following statements is true of less developed countries? A) A higher percent of the labor force is engaged in food production B) The population pyramids exhibit narrower bases C) The per capita consumption of energy is higher D) The natural increase of the population is lower E) Fertility rates are lower

A

Eastern North America became the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's A) largest markets. B) most extensive sources of essential raw materials. C) newest highway systems. D) most advantageous climate. E) oceangoing transportation links to Asia.

A

The state of Florida earns greater revenues from the export of oranges than does the state of Georgia. This can be attributed to which of the following? A) Florida has a comparative advantage as a producer of oranges. B) Georgia has a comparative advantage as a producer of oranges. C) Florida's economy is primarily based on agricultural production. D) Georgia's economy is focused on tourism and manufacturing. E) Unlike Florida, Georgia has no coastal port facilities.

A

Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states? A) European Union (EU) B) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) C) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) D) Association of Caribbean States (ACS) E) United Nations (UN)

A

HDI examines education by combining two separate measures. A) number of school-age children and the number of schools B) years of schooling for adults and the expected years of school for youth C) number of schools and the number of teachers D) years of schooling for adults and the per capita funding for education E) expected years of schooling for youths and the per capita funding for school-age children

B

It is generally agreed that the current trend in climate change is caused by A) sea-level rise B) increased use of fossil fuels C) reduction in biodiversity D) tilt of Earth's axis E) changes in the velocity of ocean currents

B

People are more productive in more developed countries because they A) work harder. B) have access to more technology. C) have a low amount of value added per person. D) are consistently better educated. E) understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.

B

The Gender Inequality Index (GII) A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population. D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment. E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States.

B

The Internet is reshaping traditional economic arrangements by A) reinforcing the dominance of the central business district for retail sales B) expanding the importance of express package delivery systems C) increasing the importance of rail transportation as compared to truck transportation D) bringing consumers and producers into face-to-face contact E) creating more enclosed shopping malls

B

The cottage industry system involved manufacturing A) of hand-made luxury goods. B) in the home. C) of steam engines and other cottage-sized machines. D) in small factories. E) cheeses and pastries.

B

Three types of disruptions can affect just-in-time delivery manufacturing: A) labor unrest, elections, highway construction. B) natural hazards, traffic, labor unrest. C) natural hazards, warehouse sales, quality control. D) highway construction, labor unrest, invoice management programs. E) outsourcing, traffic, elections.

B

Which of the following statements best explains a limitation of the political map shown in conveying economic information? A) In the context of currency, the borders between the member states are irrelevant. B) In the context of free trade, the borders between the member states are irrelevant. C) In terms of an international division of labor, there are no variations in wage rates across the borders of member states. D) In terms of consumer prices, there are no variations in price amounts across the borders of member states. E) In terms of manufacturing, there are no variations in production costs across the borders of member states.

B

Who is the largest supplier of petroleum to the United States? A) Saudi Arabia B) Canada C) Venezuela D) Kuwait E) Nigeria

B

________ is the reuse of unwanted material. A) Refurbishing B) Recycling C) Rebranding D) Redesigning E) Reselling

B

Although transportation costs rise because of intermittent break-of-bulk points, we can surmise that over very long distances the lowest-cost form of transporting goods is by A) truck. B) train. C) ship. D) airplane. E) rocket.

C

Beer bottling is an example of a A) perishable industry. B) specialized industry. C) bulk-gaining industry. D) communications-oriented industry. E) labor intensive industry.

C

Development is best defined as A) the process of improving the conditions of people by diffusing the American way of life. B) the process of improving the conditions of people by becoming a federal state. C) the process of improving the conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. D) the process of improving the conditions of people by shifting the economic ideology from an entirely capitalist mode to a blended economy. E) the process of improving the conditions of people by improving diplomatic ties.

C

If the IHDI is less than the HDI, this indicates A) there are lower levels of inequality in that country than there are in the world. B) the levels of inequality are equal to the global average. C) there are higher levels of inequality in that country than there are in the world. D) There is no comparison between the two indices as they measure different things. E) The HDI is really a function of the IHDI so this condition is impossible.

C

In order to become a global industrial power, Japan had to overcome which of the following problems? A) high labor costs B) abundant energy sources C) distance from consumers D) weak consumer demand E) proximity to China

C

Per capita GDP is a poor indicator of which of the following? A) the approximate level of material well being in a country B) the number of countries below the poverty level C) the distribution of wealth within a country D) the spatial distribution of global wealth E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

C

Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to A) avoid skilled laborers. B) minimize production costs inside the plant. C) minimize transport costs. D) identify unique characteristics of a particular industry. E) utilize a new technology.

C

The Industrial Revolution A) was a rapid introduction of modernizing technology across Europe and North America concurrently. B) was a rapid introduction of modernizing technology in Britain's colonies. C) was a gradual diffusion of new ideas in industry and social, economic and political inventions. D) introduced migration away from cities. E) started in North America before reaching Europe.

C

The increase in Earth's temperature, caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted from the earth's surface, is called A) the photochemical smog effect. B) an inversion layer. C) the greenhouse effect. D) the solar declination effect. E) the stratospheric effect.

C

Which of the following is NOT an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Women on average have only two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs. B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs. C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world. D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa. E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.

C

Which of the following statements accurately compares a difference between the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII) as shown in the table? A) Although women workers are often paid less than their male counterparts, GII scores can remain high. B) High numbers of women working in education and health care directly result in a higher GII score. C) Although there are more women in the wage labor force, females do not necessarily have the same level of empowerment as men. D) In most countries women's life expectancy is higher than men's, which improves gender equality. E) Although HDI and GII indicators are measured on a scale of 0 to 1, a high HDI score should indicate a high GII score

C

________ is an example of a secondary sector activity. A) Banking B) Farming C) Manufacturing D) Secondary education E) Professional football

C

Factories have reduced demand for petroleum by A) consuming more coal. B) consuming more nuclear energy. C) switching to solar power. D) switching to natural gas. E) There has been an increase in consumption not a decrease.

D

The primary sector of the economy includes which of the following? A) data processing B) beverage bottling C) government D) sheep herding E) banking

D

The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following? A) data processing B) mining C) government D) construction E) banking

D

Traditional barriers to international trade have included A) low taxes on imports. B) making domestic goods more expensive. C) eliminating quotas on imports. D) requiring licenses for importers. E) strong domestic and international demand.

D

Using the above map, identify which country in South America has the highest maternal mortality rate? A) Paraguay B) Uruguay C) Colombia D) Bolivia E) Venezuela

D

Despite the risks to the environment, the U.S. Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of A) shrimp trawling and seafood processing. B) just-in-time inventory management. C) proximity to markets in Southwest Asia. D) access to oil imports from Mexico and Venezuela. E) access to oil and natural gas fields.

E

Fracking is most closely associated with extracting A) coal. B) copper. C) diamonds. D) molybdenum. E) natural gas.

E

Free-trade zones such as the countries of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are established to increase the ease and volume of international trade by A) increasing diplomatic relations between member states B) opening borders to migrant guest workers from member states C) establishing a common monetary unit among member states D) offering large economic-development loans to poorer member states E) eliminating tariffs on goods that cross borders between member states

E

The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is A) gross domestic product. B) productivity. C) tertiary sector analysis. D) market value. E) value added.

E

Using the above graphic, observe that the Po River basin in Italy A) contains one-fourth of the country's industry. B) has cheaper labor compared to southern Italy and the island of Sicily. C) has expensive hydroelectricity from the Alps but inexpensive nuclear energy from France. D) is Southern Europe's newest industrial area. E) has inexpensive hydroelectricity from the Alps. Answer: E

E

Using the above map, observe that A) minimills are primarily situated close to Northeastern markets. B) most Nucor operations are concentrated in Mississippi, California, Illinois, Kentucky, and Maine. C) most Nucor operations are concentrated in Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina, and Florida. D) minimills operate in nearly every U.S. state. E) Nucor has operations in at least 20 different states.

E

Using the above map, observe that European railways A) were more concentrated in France and Germany before they appeared in the United Kingdom. B) tended to be built first in Eastern Europe before spreading westward. C) were built in France before they were built in the United Kingdom. D) in the United Kingdom first appeared near London and were later built in northern England. E) were built in northern England before they appeared in southern England.

E

Which of the following best explains a benefit of membership in the European Union? A) Member states are eligible to receive loans from the European Union, which protects states against recession. B) Member states receive equal numbers of international migrants, which ensures even distribution of resources. C) Member states receive annual payments from the European Union, which boosts gross national income. D) Member states have more secure borders, which guards against conflict. E) Member states form a single market, which creates a powerful economic bloc.

E

Which of the following correctly classifies the countries in the table by their level of development? A) More developed: Canada; industrializing: France; less developed: Brazil B) More developed: Brazil; industrializing: India; less developed: Tanzania C) More developed: France; industrializing: Canada; less developed: India D) More developed: Canada; industrializing: Tanzania; less developed: Brazil E) More developed: France; industrializing: India; less developed: Tanzania

E