Chapter 11: international law
what can international organizations do?
-adopts resolutions -create uniform rules
Act of state doctrine
A doctrine providing that the judicial branch of one country will not examine the validity of public acts committed by a recognized foreign government within its own territory.
civil law system
A system of law based on a very detailed set of written laws and codes.
subsidiaries
A wholly owned subsidiary firm is used to expand into a foreign market and the parent company remains in the United States.
treaty
An agreement or contract between two or more nations that must be authorized and ratified by the supreme power of each nation.
international organizations
Composed mainly of officials of member nations and usually established by treaty.
New York Convention
Courts in member nations must honor private agreements to arbitrate and recognize arbitration awards made in other contracting states.
New York convention
Courts in member nations must honor private agreements to arbitrate and recognize arbitration awards made in other contracting states.
Common Law System
Courts independently develop rules for governing certain areas such as contracts.
licensing
Foreign firm uses an established name brand for a fee.
bilateral agreement
Formed by two nations to govern their commercial exchanges or other relations with one another.
Antidiscrimination Laws
Refers to the right of people to be treated equally.
international law
The body of law—formed as a result of international customs, treaties, and organizations—that governs relations among or between nations.
manufacturing Abroad
The establishment of foreign manufacturing facilities—typically, to reduce costs.
Franchising
The franchisor licenses the franchisee to use the mark, name, or copyright, under certain conditions, in the selling of goods or services.
exporting
The simplest way for U.S. firms to engage in international business is to export their goods and services to foreign markets.
joint ventures
U.S. company owns only part of the operation, with the rest owned either by local owners in the foreign country or by another foreign entity.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
a permanent global institution to promote international trade and to settle international trade disputes
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA)
allows even foreign citizens to bring civil suits in U.S. courts for injuries caused by violations of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States.
tariffs
are taxes upon imports
sharia law
based on religious principles that govern a Muslim's way of life.
Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity
exempts foreign nations from the jurisdiction of the US courts
multilateral agreement
formed by several nations
Quotes
limit the amount of goods that can be imported
Principle of Comity
provides that a country will honor and enforce within its own territory the judgments and decisions of foreign courts, with certain limitations
trade barriers
restrictions to free trade
antidumping duties
taxes placed on another exporting state's alleged selling of a product at a price below the cost to produce it
national law
the system of laws within a particular nation
source of international law
treaties, customs, general principles, the actions of international courts and other organizations, and other processes that regulate international relations