Chapter 11

All of the following are characteristics shared by both Helicobacter and Campylobacter EXCEPT

they cause diarrheal disease in humans

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are Gram negative rods or spirals that

use sulfur compounds as an energy source and oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor

Methanogens, a group of archaea that generate methane, can be found in environments that

lack O2, contain H2 and CO2

What microbe species forms a mutually beneficial relationship with certain types of plants?

Rhizobium

Facultative anaerobes can use aerobic respiration if O2 is present, and fermentation if?

O2 is not present

What microbe species are plant pathogens that cause tumorlike growths?

Agrobacterium

What does Streptococcus pyogenes produce on blood agar?

Beta-hemolysis

The genus Streptomyces have the characteristics

Consist of Gram-positive bacteria, include more than 500 species, and resemble fungi in their growth

Species of Campylobacter and Helicobacter are

Curved, Gram-negative rods that are microaerophilic

Which of the following describe characteristics of members of the genus Vibrio?

Typically found in marine environments, and are Gram-negative straight or curved rods

Certain bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with specific types of fish and squid are ____________, meaning they emit light

bioluminescent

Gram-positive pleomorphic rods that are club shaped and arranged to form V shapes or palisades (side-to-side stacks) are referred to as

coryneforms or diphtheroids

Azotobacter species produce a resting cell called a _____, that allows the organism to withstand drying and ultraviolet radiation

cyst

The resting cell produced by Azotobacter species that allows the orgnism to survive drying and ultraviolet radiation is called a

cyst

The _____________ bacteria have projections called prosthecae, which are extensions of the cytoplasm and cell wall that increases the surface area to facilitate absorption of nutrients

prosthecate

Bacteroides

species are gram negative, strictly anaerobic, make up about a third of the bacteria in the fecal matter in humans, and are associated with abcesses and bloodstream infections.

Most of the anaerobic chemolithotrophs that have been discovered are members of the domain

Archaea

Presence of which enzyme is a key characteristic of Staphylococcus species that is used to distinguish them from Gram-psotive cocci that do not respire aerobically, such as Streptococcus species?

Catalase

Micrococcus are

Gram-positive cocci

Enterococcus and Lactobacillus are found where?

Intestinal tract, and milk and dairy products

Methanogens are organisms that

Obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas, use CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor, and generate methane

Pseodomonas species are Gram-negative rods that, unlike members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, are

Oxidase-positive non-fermenters

Which of the following explains the relationship between plants and their endosymbionts, the rhizobia?

Plants produce leghemoglobin to bind to and keep the levels of oxygen low, and rhizobia fix nitrogen while residing inside plant cells.

Streptomyces are

Responsible for the earthy order of soil via production of geosmin, and able to produce extracellular enzymes that can degrade many organic compounds.

What environments would most likely support the growth of methanogens?

Sewage, swamp, human digestive tract, and marine sediment

Members of the genus ___________ thrive in the dry and salty environment of the skin

Staphylococcus

What do Mycoplasma rely on to provide strength and rigidity to their cytoplasmic membrane, since they do not have a cell wall?

Sterols

Members of the genus Agrobacterium attach to a wounded plant and transfer a portion of their DNA to the plant cell, causing the plant to

Synthesize opine as a nutrient source for Agrobacterium, and form a tumor.

Treponema pallidum causes the sexually transmitted disease in humans called

Syphilis

Organisms that form storage granules include

Thioploca, Spirillum, Thiomargarita

The plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens that allows the bacterium to unduce plants to form tumors is called the

Ti plasmid

Bdellovibrio species

are highly-motile Gram-negative curved rods, bore a hole in the cell walls of their prey, and prey on Gram negative bacteria like E coli

The study of the various adaptations prokaryotes use to survive terrestrial and aquatic environments is called

ecophysiology

Rhizobia are a group of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that often fix nitrogen and form intimate relationships with legumes. In these relationships role, rhizobia are

endosymbionts

Mycobacterium species stain poorly because their cell walls contain

mycolic acids

A group of Gram-negative bacteria that serve as an important model in the study of developmental biology because of their unique developmental cycle that includes the production of a fruiting body are the

myxobacteria