Chapter 11 - Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

Minor Groove Major Groove

Due to the twisting of the two strands of DNA around each other in a DNA double helix, grooves form on the surface of the molecule. What are the names of those grooves? The superior groove The minor grooce The wide groove The inferior groove The narrow groove The major groove

Pairing a purine with a pyrimidine ensures a consistent diameter of the helix

The AT/GC base-pairing rule requires that the purines (A and G) always base-pair with the pyrimidine (T and C). Why is this Pairing a purine with a pyrimidine prevents mutations Pairing a purine with a pyrimidine ensures a consistent diameter of the helix Pairing a purine with a pyrimidine ensures that proteins with accurate sequences will be produced

B DNA Z DNA

The DNA double helix can form two types of structures. What are the two types of structures beta sheet beta barrel B DNA Z DNA

Two sugars on adjacent nucleotides in DNA or RNA

What does a phosphodiester bond link together Two sugars on adjacent nucleotides in DNA or RNA Opposing bases of the DNA double-helix Amino acids in a polypeptide The glycerol and the fatty acids of a triglycerides

A base attached to either a ribose or deoxyribose sugar

What is a nucleoside A base attached to either a ribose or deoxyribose sugar A nucleotide that contains a pyrimidine as a base A ribose or deoxyribose attached to only a phosphate group A base attached to a phosphate group only

Base

What is attached to the 1' carbon

Hydroxyl group

What is attached to the 3' carbon

Phosphate group

What is attached to the 5' carbon

Right Handed

What is the conventional "handedness" of the spiral in the DNA double helix? Right-handed Left-Handed

Nucleotide

What is the fundamental repeating structural unit of DNA and RNA Glycerol The amino acid The nucleotide The phospholipid A glucose subunit

Antiparallel

When one strand of DNA in a double helix has the chemical polarity 5' to 3', and the other, running in the opposite direction, has the chemical polarity 3' to 5', then it would be said that the two strands are _______

Bases on opposite strands are bound together by hydrogen bonds DNA strands form a helical structure

Which of the following statements below correctly describe the structure of a DNA double helix The two stands of DNA are held together by phosphodiester bonds between bases on opposites strands Bases on opposite strands are bound together by hydrogen bonds The bases in the DNA molecule point outwards, away from the central axis of the molecule DNA strands form a helical structure It contains one strand

Stacking

Within a DNA double helix, the bases are oriented so that the flattened regions are facing each other. This arrangement is called base ______

Clockwise

You and a friend have a made a ball and stick model of a right-handed DNA double helix, as you look down the middle of the helix would the strands turn? Clockwise Anti-clockwise

nucleoside

A sugar, such as ribose or deoxyribose, attached to a base but not to a phosphate group is called a _____

Adenine : guanine

Chargraff's rule says that in DNA, the amount of ____ equals the amount of thymine and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of ____

B DNA

DNA can adopt two dinner conformations. Which is the most abundant conformation seen in living cells P DNA B DNA R DNA L DNA Z DNA