Chapter 11

B

Many health problems are affected by__________such as attitudes, emotions, and behavior. a. sociocultural factors b. psychological factors c. environmental factors d. biological factors

D

According to Albert Ellis, _____. a. childhood experiences cannot explain the origins of irrational beliefs b. believing that we cannot overcome the influences of the past helps us overcome our feelings of helplessness c. one's cognitive appraisal at the present time has no influence on one's mood d. the belief that one must be preoccupied by threats is a prescription for perpetual emotional upheaval

A

According to Selye's theory, if the alarm reaction mobilizes the body and the related stressor is not removed, we enter the__________stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). This stage precedes the last stage of the GAS. a. resistance b. preoperational c. formal operational d. exhaustion

D

According to a study by the UCLA Higher Education Research Institute, which of the following is true of first-year college students? a. Their stress levels have been falling consistently for the past 30 years. b. Their stress levels have remained the same over the last 30 years. c. They feel that the beginning of college is more stressful than the death of a spouse. d. They are now encountering a record level of stress.

B

Feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of _____. a. work hassles b. inner concern hassles c. security hassles d. health hassles

A

In the context of the general adaptation syndrome, the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted by the__________. a. adrenal medulla b. adrenal cortex c. hypothalamus d. pancreas

B

In the context of the general adaptation syndrome, which of the following is true of the fight-or-flight reaction? a. It is accompanied by a deceleration of the respiration rate. b. It stems from a period in human prehistory when many stressors were life threatening. c. It involves the slowdown of the heart rate. d. It stems from a sudden lack of sugar in the blood.

A

Serena has an internal locus of control. This means that she: a. feels in control of her own life. b. can only control her inner emotions. c. feels controlled by others. d. can only control her outward appearance.

D

Which of the following hassles is an example of environmental hassles? a. Shopping b. Terrorism c. Job dissatisfaction d. Noise

B

Which of the following is Hans Selye's term for stress that is healthful? a. Catharsis b. Eustress c. Eugenics d. Fixation

A

Which of the following is a difference between Type A people and Type B people? a. Type A people are more likely to continue to strive for more and more as compared to Type B people. b. Type A people earn lower grades and less money than Type B people who are equal in intelligence. c. Type A people show lower blood pressure than Type B people in response to stressors. d. Type A people relax more readily and focus more on the quality of life as compared to Type B people.

B

Which of the following is true of corticosteroids? a. They suppress inflammation. b. They combat allergic reactions. c. They cause the adrenal cortex to secrete adrenocorticotrophic hormone. d. They are beneficial for the cardiovascular system.

A

While conducting experiments to study the effect of humor on stressed students, it was found that exposing students to humorous videotapes raised the level of__________in their saliva. a. immunoglobulin A b. cortisol c. corticosteroids d. adrenocorticotrophic hormone

B

_____ are best described as people who perceive the ability to attain reinforcements in stressful situations as being largely outside themselves. a. Internals b. Externals c. Type A people d. Type B people

B

__________allows us to brace ourselves for the inevitable and, in many cases, plan ways of coping with it. a. Cognitive dissonance b. Predictability c. Eustress d. An external locus of control

C

__________is best defined as a cluster of traits that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control. a. Self-defeating behavior b. Catharsis c. Psychological hardiness d. Self-actualization

C

__________is characterized by the development of abnormal, or mutant, cells that may take root anywhere in the body. a. Macroglossia b. Dyspraxia c. Cancer d. Cardiovascular disease

B

__________is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives. a. Self-actualization b. Conflict c. Self-efficacy d. Homeostasis

D

_________can be positive or negative, occur at irregular intervals, and create stress. a. Daily hassles b. Irrational beliefs c. Avoidance-avoidance conflicts d. Life changes

C

_________engage in search-and-destroy missions in which they "recognize" and eradicate foreign agents and unhealthy cells. a. Red blood cells b. Blood platelets c. White blood cells d. Erythrocytes