CHAPTER 11 Nervous system: spinal cord and peripheral nerves
If the phrenic nerve were cut or severed, the patient would not be able to a. walk. b. speak. c. breathe. d. swallow.
C
The first, second, and eighth cranial nerves a. are concerned with vision. b. descend in the corticospinal tract. c. are sensory nerves. d. carry sensory information to the occipital lobe.
C
Which large nerve emerges from the distal end of the spinal cord and innervates the lower extremities? a. Pudendal b. Phrenic c. Sciatic d. Radial
C
Which of the following is descriptive of cranial nerve VIII? a. Motor nerve b. Spinal nerve c. Vestibulocochlear d. Concerned with vision
C
Which of the following is least related to the olfactory nerve? a. CN I b. Impairment: anosmia c. Motor, causing flaring of the nares d. Smell
C
Which of the following is most descriptive of the Phrenic nerve ? a. Concerned with the sensation of smell b. Innervates the muscles of the eyeball c. Motor nerve supplying the diaphragm d. Sensory nerve concerned with balance
C
Which of the following is not true of Bell's palsy? a. Facial nerve involvement b. CN VII c. Spasm: sternocleidomastoid bilaterally d. Impairment: blinking
C
Which of the following is the most serious consequence of a damaged or anesthetized glossopharyngeal nerve? Impaired a. secretion of salivary glands and dry mouth. b. corneal reflex and corneal scarring. c. gag reflex and aspiration of food and water into the respiratory passages. d. swallowing causing starvation.
C
The Babinski reflex is elicited by a. shining light into the eyes. b. tapping the patellar tendon. c. tapping the Achilles tendon. d. stroking the sole of the foot.
D
The _____ nerve (tract) carries sensory information toward the brain. a. phrenic b. pyramidal c. corticospinal d. spinothalamic
D
The baroreceptor reflex controls a. posture. b. the amount of light that enters the eyes. c. body temperature. d. blood pressure.
D
The dermatome is most related to which of the following? a. Cranial nerves b. Lumbar puncture c. Spinal nerve distribution d. The autonomic nervous system
D
A person with _____ is most likely to require eyedrops in order to moisten the cornea. a. Bell's palsy b. anosmia c. a severed optic nerve d. an impaired gag reflex
A
A person with damage to ___________ has the weakest blink. a. the facial nerve b. the vagus nerve c. cranial nerve II d. cranial nerve VIII
A
Sensory nerve fibers travel from the periphery to the spinal cord through the a. dorsal root. b. efferent branch. c. pyramidal tracts d. descending tracts.
A
The ulnar, radial, and median nerves supply the a. forearm and hand. b. breathing muscles. c. jaw. d. hip and thigh.
A
Tic douloureux, or trigeminal neuralgia, is characterized by a. intense facial pain. b. diminished vision. c. hearing loss. d. hemiplegia.
A
Which tract arises within the spinal cord and ascends to the diencephalon? a. Corticospinal b. Spinothalamic c. Spinocerebellar d. Pyramidal
B
Unlike most cranial nerves, this cranial nerve innervates organs in the thorax and abdominopelvic cavity. a. Glossopharyngeal b. Phrenic c. Vagus d. Trigeminal
C
which reflex is stimulated by stroking the sole of your foot ? a. Patellar b. Baroreceptor c. Babinski d. Gag
C
1. Which of the following is the major motor tract? a. Cauda equina b. Spinocerebellar c. Pyramidal d. Spinothalamic
c
To achieve spinal anesthesia, a -caine drug is injected into the a. lateral ventricle. b. central canal. c. subarachnoid space. d. dorsal root ganglia.
c
Which of the following is the best description of a motor tract? a. Spinothalamic tract b. Ascending tract c. Descending tract d. Gray matter
c
A hammer strikes the Achilles tendon to elicit which stretch reflex? a. Babinski b. Baroreceptor c. Patellar tendon d. Ankle jerk
d
Damage to which nerve causes crutch palsy? a. Sciatic b. Radial c. Axillary d. Pudendal
C
The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens are cranial nerves that a. innervate the extrinsic eye muscles (move the eyeball). b. innervate the levator palpebrae superioris (lift the eyelid). c. interpret sensory information from the optic nerve. d. innervate the muscles of mastication.
A
Which of the following is least descriptive of the phrenic nerve? a. Primarily afferent fibers b. Spinal nerve c. Diaphragm and ventilation d. Cervical plexus
A
Which of the following is located within the spinal cavity? a. Cauda equina b. Cervical plexus c. Brachial plexus d. Vagus nerve
A
Which of the following is true of the spinothalamic tract? a. Sensory for touch, pressure, and pain b. Pyramidal tract c. Descending tract d. Stimulates the skeletal muscles
A
Which of the following nerves is often "deadened' or anesthetized for the purpose of Childbirth? a. Pudendal b. Sciatic c. Cauda equina d. Phrenic
A
Which of the following occurs last (patellar tendon reflex)? a. The effector organ contracts. b. The action potential travels along the efferent neuron to the quadriceps femoris. c. The action potential travels along the sensory neuron to the spinal cord. d. The muscle receptors of the quadriceps femoris are stimulated when the patellar ligament is stretched.
A
A piece of dirt blows into your left eye, embedding in the cornea. Which of the following is not part of a reflex that is actIvated? a. carries pain information to the brain. b. The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve carries sensory information to the primary visual cortex. c. Facial nerve stimulation results in blinking. d. CN VII stimulation causes tearing or an increase in lacrimation.
B
Damage to which cranial nerve causes blindness? a. I b. II c. III d. VIII
B
Identify the disorder: clusters of vesicles develop along cranial or spinal dermatomes; herpes zoster; postherpetic neuralgia. a. Multiple sclerosis b. Shingles c. Myasthenia gravis d. Trigeminal neuralgia
B
The Roman numerals that designate the cranial nerves indicate a. whether the nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed. b. the order in which the nerves exit the brain. c. the nerves that emerge from the frontal lobe. d. the nerves that use ACh as their neurotransmitters.
B
The pyramidal tract a. originates in the pyramidal cells of the medulla oblongata and carries information to the parietal lobe. b. is also called the corticospinal tract. c. is a sensory tract. d. is also called the spinothalamic tract.
B
The tenth cranial nerve, the _____ nerve, "wanders" outside the head area and innervates the heart and gastrointestinal systems. a. trigeminal b. vagus c. olfactory
B
To evaluate this cranial nerve, the person is asked to stick out the tongue and the nurse notes any deviation in the position of the protruded tongue. a. Trigeminal b. Hypoglossal c. Facial d. Olfactory
B
Which group is incorrect? a. Cranial nerves: olfactory, optic, oculomotor b. Spinal nerves: phrenic, axillary, sciatic, vagus c. Plexuses: cervical, brachial, lumbosacral d. States of paralysis: paraplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia
B
Which group is incorrect? a. Cranial nerves: olfactory, optic, oculomotor, vagus b. Plexuses: cervical, brachial, lumbosacral, cauda equina c. States of paralysis: paraplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia d. Nerves that affect eye movement: oculomotor, abducens, trochlear
B
Which of the following is least true of the spinal cord? a. The spinal cord, like the brain, is protected by bone, meninges, CSF, and the blood-brain barrier. b. The adult spinal cord extends the length of the spinal cavity. c. The gray matter is composed primarily of cell bodies and interneurons. d. The white matter is white because of myelin.
B
Which of the following is true about the pyramidal tract? a. Its destination is the primary somatosensory cortex. b. It descends to the medulla oblongata, where most fibers decussate and descend on the contralateral side of the body. c. It descends from the primary motor cortex on the ipsilateral side of the body. d. It connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
B
A "dilated and fixed" pupil indicates pressure on which cranial nerve? a. Cranial nerve II b. Olfactory nerve c. Cranial nerve III d. Vestibulocochlear
C
A spinal cord injury at the level of C2 causes a. hemiplegia and blindness. b. paraplegia and deafness. c. quadriplegia and an inability to breathe. d. ptosis of the eyelid and dilated and fixed pupils.
C
A surgical patient is given a curare-like drug intravenously, thereby blocking his NM receptors. You would expect this patient to a. become jaundiced. b. bleed excessively during the postoperative period. c. require assistance breathing. d. have restraints on all four extremities to limit movement.
C
All nervous reflexes a. are activated by stretch. b. are restricted to the movement of the appendicular skeleton. c. require a sensory and motor arm. d. involve the spinal cord.
C
An area of skin innervated by a spinal nerve is called a a. plexus. b. tract. c. dermatome. d. gyrus.
C
At which structure are spinal nerves grouped and sorted? a. A ganglion b. A nucleus c. A plexus d. The cauda equina
C
Damage to the common peroneal nerve causes a. crutch palsy. b. deafness. c. footdrop. d. inability to breathe.
C
Damage to which nerve prevents extension of the hip and flexion of the knee? a. Axillary b. Phrenic c. Sciatic d. Median cubital
C
Ptosis of the eyelid and dilated and fixed pupils reflect pressure on which nerve? a. Optic b. Vagus c. Oculomotor d. Facial
C
Which of the following is not descriptive of the optic nerve? a. Sensory b. Cranial nerve c. Move the eyeball d. Vision
C
Which word best describes the following: spinothalamic, pyramidal, corticospinal? a. Meninges b. Plexuses c. Tracts d. Motor tracts
C
22. A lumbar puncture is done by inserting a needle into the a. dural sinus. b. central canal. c. arachnoid villus. d. subarachnoid space.
D
A patient has suffered an injury to the right cerebral hemisphere and has left-sided paralysis. Which word best explains this? a. Cerebral lateralization b. Demyelination c. Neuroplasticity d. Decussation
D
An intramuscular injection into the buttocks is given in the upper outer quadrant in an attempt to avoid injuring which nerve? a. Common peroneal b. Phrenic c. Femoral d. Sciatic
D
Both the trigeminal and facial nerves participate in the _____ reflex. a. gag b. Babinski c. baroreceptor d. corneal
D
Excess pressure on this cranial nerve affects pupillary size and the activity of the elevator palpebrae superiororis a. VIII b. II c. X d. III
D
If this reflex is not working, a person is in danger of choking on food. a. Baroreceptor b. Withdrawal c. Babinski d. Gag
D
Ptosis of the eyelid and fixed/dilated pupil are indicative of a. damaged CN II. b. damage: primary visual cortex. c. inflammation of the facial nerve. d. excess pressure on the oculomotor nerve.
D
Sensory information is carried by the cochlear branch of CN VIII to the a. primary auditory cortex. b. occipital lobe. c. temporal lobe. d. More than one of the above are true.
D
Spinal nerves a. exit the spinal cord at the medulla oblongata. b. are purely sensory. c. all exit the spinal cord as extensions of the cauda equina. d. are mixed.
D
The fifth cranial nerve, called the _____ nerve, is a mixed nerve that detects sensations from the scalp, face, and teeth. a. olfactory b. facial c. vestibulocochlear d. trigeminal
D
The gag reflex is mediated by which nerve? a. Optic nerve b. Oculomotor nerve c. Cranial nerve VIII d. Glossopharyngeal nerve
D
The somatic motor branch of the peripheral nervous system a. exits the spinal cord through the dorsal root. b. regulates heart rate. c. is the afferent branch of the peripheral nervous system. d. is an efferent branch of the peripheral nervous system.
D
To which of the following do these characteristics apply: light touch, pressure, pain, and temperature? a. Corticospinal tract b. Pyramidal tract c. Corpus callosum d. Spinothalamic tract
D
What is described: cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), and coccygeal (1)? a. Number of nerve plexi b. Sensory nerves of the peripheral nervous system c. Levels at which most motor neurons decussate d. Spinal nerves
D
Which group is incorrect? a. Spinal nerves: phrenic, axillary, pudendal b. Reflexes: baroreceptor, withdrawal, pupillary, patellar, gag c. Nerve damage: crutch palsy, wristdrop, footdrop, Bell's palsy d. Cranial nerves: vagus, facial, median cubital, oculomotor
D
Which of the following is least descriptive of the olfactory nerve? a. Sensory b. Concerned with the sense of smell c. Cranial nerve I d. Moves the tongue
D
Which of the following is least related to CN VIII? a. Vestibular branch b. Primary auditory cortex c. Cochlear branch d. Wernicke's area
D
Which of the following is least related to tic douloureux? a. Trigeminal neuralgia b. Excruciating face pain c. Triggers: chewing, shaving, talking, smiling, and exposure to cold d. Impairment: bone conduction deafness
D
Which of the following is not true of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves? a. Innervate the muscles of the upper extremities b. Spinal nerves c. Mixed nerves d. Emerge from the cervical plexus
D
Which of the following is true of CN I, II, and VIII? All are a. sensory and send information to the primary visual cortex. b. motor and stimulate muscles that move the eyeballs. c. sensory and send information to the primary auditory cortex. d. sensory.
D
Which of the following is true of CNs III, IV, and VI? All a. are sensory and send information to the primary visual cortex. b. stimulate the levator palpebrae superioris to raise the eyelid. c. send information to the occipital lobe. d. move the eyeballs.
D
Which reflex is concerned with the regulation of blood pressure? a. Achilles' tendon b. Babinski c. Patellar d. Baroreceptor
D