Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic disease B

2/3; 55; 90

*********Hypertension risk increases with age. More than [two-thirds, one-third, one-fourth, one-fifth, one-eighth] of American adults older than 65 have hypertension. Individuals who have normal blood pressure at age [75, 65, 55, 45, 35] still have a(n) [50 percent, 60 percent, 70 percent, 80 percent, 90 percent] risk of developing high blood pressure during their lifetime.

b. His HDL cholesterol is 35 mg/dL.

A 40-year-old male has just had a physical exam, the results are shown below. Which of these results indicates he is at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? a. His blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg. b. His HDL cholesterol is 35 mg/dL. c. His BMI is 22 kg/m2. d. His fasting triglycerides are 180 mg/dL. e. His blood cholesterol is 180 mg/dL.

atherosclerotic plaque, platelets, hypertension, embolus, metastases, thrombus

A lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develop in the artery walls in atherosclerosis: _____________________[thrombus, metastasis, hypertension, platelets, atherosclerotic plaques, embolus]. Tiny cell-like fragments in the blood that are important in blood clot formation: [thrombus, metastasis, hypertension, platelets, atherosclerotic plaques, embolus]. Higher than normal blood pressure: _______________ [thrombus, metastasis, hypertension, platelets, atherosclerotic plaques, embolus]. A thrombus that breaks loose and travels through the blood vessels: _____________________[thrombus, metastasis, hypertension, platelets, atherosclerotic plaques, embolus] .Movement of cancer cells from one body part to another, usually by way of the body fluids:____________________ [thrombus, metastasis, hypertension, platelets, atherosclerotic plaques, embolus], A stationary blood clot: __________[thrombus, metastasis, hypertension, platelets, atherosclerotic plaques, embolus]

c. hypertension

A stiff artery cannot expand with each pulse of blood surging through it resulting in __________ that further damages arteries. a. increased LDL cholesterol b. type 2 diabetes c. hypertension d. atherosclerosis e. cancer

b. risk factor

A trait, condition, or lifestyle habit that is correlated with a disease is referred to as a(n) __________, not proven to be causal. a. infectious disease b. risk factor c. hypertension d. chronic disease e. environmental cue

carcinogens, cell's nucleus, metastasis,

Increased cancer risk can be caused by an exposure to certain [infectious virus, carcinogens, metastasis, cell's nucleus, cell's ribosomes, promotors] , a cancer-causing agent. The cancer-causing agent enters the [infectious virus, carcinogens, metastasis, cell's nucleus, cell's ribosomes, promotors] altering DNA. Initiation of cancer accelerates tumor formation and is spread by the blood and lymph, referred to as [infectious virus, carcinogens, metastasis, cell's nucleus, cell's ribosomes, promotors]. This results in the disruption of the cell's normal functioning.

b. poor, unhealthy, diet and low physical activity

Infectious diseases are pathogen-based while chronic diseases result from a __________. a. healthy diet and high physical activity b. poor, unhealthy, diet and low physical activity c. poor, unhealthy, diet and high physical activity d. malnutrition and increased accidents e. healthy diet and low physical activity

infectious diseases, immune, lifestyle

Nutrition can help strengthen the body's defenses against [infectious diseases, lifestyle, cardiovascular respiratory, chronic diseases, immune, risk factor] by supporting a healthy [infectious diseases, lifestyle, cardiovascular respiratory, chronic diseases, immune, risk factor] system. Chronic diseases arise from a mixture of factors in three areas: genetic inheritance, prior or current diseases, and [infectious diseases, lifestyle, cardiovascular respiratory, chronic diseases, immune, risk factor] choices.

c. limited sodium intake

The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet can produce a drop in blood pressure, but not as great of a drop in pressure as with __________. a. a gluten-free diet b. low in whole grains c. limited sodium intake d. no alcohol intake e. high-fiber intake

e. Bake the food in the oven.

To minimize risks from carcinogens formed during cooking of meats, what should one do? a. Avoid marinating meats prior to cooking. b. Pan-fry the food at high temperatures. c. Smoke the food. d. Grill the food directly over an open flame. e. Bake the food in the oven.

e. diabetes

What is a leading cause of death in the United States that is characterized as elevated fasting blood glucose levels and ineffective insulin signaling? a. cancer b. hypertension c. epigenetic programming d. autoimmune disorder e. diabetes

c. reducing saturated fats

Which lifestyle modification produces the greatest reduction in LDL cholesterol? a. losing 10 lb b. decreasing dietary cholesterol c. reducing saturated fats d. eating less sweet fruit e. consuming more soluble fiber

a. Hypertension can cause ruptures along the arteries leading to plaque formation.

Which of the following is true concerning hypertension, a cardiovascular disease? a. Hypertension can cause ruptures along the arteries leading to plaque formation. b. Hypertension results in atherosclerotic plaques, which occur in people over 50 years of age. c. Obesity rarely causes hypertension; it is prevalent due to an unhealthy diet alone. d. Currently, women are more susceptible to hypertension compared to age-matched men. e. Hypertension is an infectious disease that affects over 85 million Americans.

d. Diabetes is a chronic disease, not an infectious disease.

Which of the following is true regarding diabetes? a. Diabetes patients can only eat fats and proteins. b. Diabetics can only eat foods specifically made for those patients with diabetes. c. Diabetes only occurs in people who are considered overweight and obese. d. Diabetes is a chronic disease, not an infectious disease. e. Eating too much sugar causes obesity.

nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, epigenome, Histones

[DNA silencer, nutrigenetics, Epigenetics Histones, nutrigenomics, epigenome]__________________is a branch of research that studies how genetics affect nutrient metabolism. The other branch of research, _______________________[DNA silencer, nutrigenetics, Epigenetics Histones, nutrigenomics, epigenome], studies the effect of nutrient intake on gene expression. Every cell in the body contains the same genes, but the ______________________ [DNA silencer, nutrigenetics, Epigenetics Histones, nutrigenomics, epigenome] manages whether a cell is a liver cell or a heart cell by turning genes on or off. It is understood that _____________________ [DNA silencer, nutrigenetics, Epigenetics Histones, nutrigenomics, epigenome] regulate DNA, but can be altered by nutrient intake or environmental cues.