Chapter 11 physics

10) A mass is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the mass located when its potential energy is a maximum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-fourth of the way between A and B D) none of the above

A

13) Doubling only the spring constant of a vibrating mass-and-spring system produces what effect on the system's mechanical energy? A) increases the energy by a factor of two B) increases the energy by a factor of three C) increases he energy by a factor of four D) produces no change

A

15) Increasing the spring constant k of a mass-and-spring system causes what kind of change in the resonant frequency of the system? (Assume no change in the system's mass m.) A) The frequency increases. B) The frequency decreases. C) There is no change in the frequency. D) The frequency increases if the ratio k/m is greater than or equal to 1 and decreases if the ratio k/m is less than 1.

A

16) A 4.0-kg object is attached to a spring of spring constant 10 N/m. The object is displaced by 5.0 cm from the equilibrium position and let go. What is the frequency of vibration? A) 0.25 Hz B) 0.50 Hz C) 1.0 Hz D) 2.0 Hz

A

17) A 2.0-kg mass is hung from a spring of spring constant 18 N/m, displaced slightly from its equilibrium position, and released. What is the frequency of its vibration? A) 0.48 Hz B) 0.95 Hz C) 1.5 Hz D) none of the above

A

21) A 0.30-kg mass is suspended on a spring. In equilibrium the mass stretches the spring 2.0 cm downward. The mass is then pulled an additional distance of 1.0 cm down and released from rest. Calculate the total energy of the system. A) 0.0074 J B) 0.015 J C) 0.022 J D) 0.030 J

A

22) A 0.30-kg mass is suspended on a spring. In equilibrium the mass stretches the spring 2.0 cm downward. The mass is then pulled an additional distance of 1.0 cm down and released from rest. Write down its equation of motion. A) y = (0.01 m) cos (22.1 t) B) y = (0.01 m) sin (22.1 t) C) y = (0.03 m) cos (22.1 t) D) y = (0.03 m) sin (22.1 t)

A

26) Curve A in Fig. 11-1 represents A) an underdamped situation. B) an overdamped situation. C) a moderately damped situation. D) critical damping.

A

28) A pendulum makes 12 complete swings in 8.0 s. (a) What are its frequency and period on Earth? A) 1.5 Hz, 0.67 s B) 0.67 Hz, 1.5 s C) 0.24 Hz, 4.2 s D) 4.2 Hz, 0.24 s

A

29) A 3.00-kg pendulum is 28.84 m long. What is its period on Earth? A) 10.78 s B) 7.891 s C) 4.897 s D) 0.09278 s

A

3) For vibrational motion, the maximum displacement from the equilibrium point is called the A) amplitude. B) wavelength. C) frequency. D) period.

A

33) For a wave, the frequency times the wavelength is the wave's A) speed. B) amplitude. C) intensity. D) power.

A

35) A wave moves on a string with wavelength l and frequency f. A second wave on the same string has wavelength 2l and travels with the same velocity. What is the frequency of the second wave? A) 0.5f B) f C) 2f D) It cannot be determined from the information given.

A

36) Consider a traveling wave on a string of length L, mass M, and tension T. A standing wave is set up. Which of the following is true? A) The wave velocity depends on M, L, T. B) The wavelength of the wave is proportional to the frequency. C) The particle velocity is equal to the wave velocity. D) The wavelength is proportional to T.

A

4) A mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 60 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The spring is initially stretched by a force of 5.0 N on the mass and let go. It takes the mass 0.50 s to go back to its equilibrium position when it is oscillating. What is the frequency of oscillation? A) 0.50 Hz B) 1.0 Hz C) 1.5 Hz D) 2.0 Hz

A

41) In seismology, the P wave is a longitudinal wave. As a P wave travels through the Earth, the relative motion between the P wave and the particles is A) parallel. B) perpendicular. C) first parallel, then perpendicular. D) first perpendicular, then parallel.

A

42) The intensity of a wave is A) proportional to both the amplitude squared and the frequency squared B) proportional to the amplitude squared and inversely proportional to the frequency squared. C) inversely proportional to the amplitude squared and proportional to the frequency squared. D) inversely proportional to both the amplitude squared and the frequency squared.

A

44) Two wave pulses with equal positive amplitudes pass each other on a string, one is traveling toward the right and the other toward the left. At the point that they occupy the same region of space at the same time A) constructive interference occurs. B) destructive interference occurs. C) a standing wave is produced. D) a traveling wave is produced.

A

46) The velocity of propagation of a transverse wave on a 2.0-m long string fixed at both ends is 200 m/s. Which one of the following is not a resonant frequency of this string? A) 25 Hz B) 50 Hz C) 100 Hz D) 200 Hz

A

48) A stretched string is observed to have four equal segments in a standing wave driven at a frequency of 480 Hz. What driving frequency will set up a standing wave with five equal segments? A) 600 Hz B) 360 Hz C) 240 Hz D) 120 Hz

A

5) A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. When the mass passes through the equilibrium position, its instantaneous velocity A) is maximum. B) is less than maximum, but not zero. C) is zero. D) cannot be determined from the information given

A

50) A string of linear density 1.5 g/m is under a tension of 20 N. What should its length be if its fundamental resonance frequency is 220 Hz? A) 0.26 m B) 0.96 m C) 1.1 m D) 1.2 m

A

51) Find the first three harmonics of a string of linear mass density 2.00 g/m and length 0.600 m when it is subjected to tension of 50.0 N. A) 132 Hz, 264 Hz, 396 Hz B) 66 Hz, 132 Hz, 198 Hz C) 264 Hz, 528 Hz, 792 Hz D) none of the above

A

6) A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. When the mass is at maximum displacement from equilibrium, its instantaneous acceleration A) is a maximum. B) is less than maximum, but not zero. C) is zero. D) cannot be determined from the information given

A

6) A mass vibrates back and forth from the free end of an ideal spring of spring constant 20 N/m with an amplitude of 0.30 m. What is the kinetic energy of this vibrating mass when it is 0.30 m from its equilibrium position? A) zero B) 0.90 J C) 0.45 J D) It is impossible to give an answer without knowing the object's mass.

A

7) A mass is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the mass located when its kinetic energy is a minimum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-fourth of the way between A and B D) none of the above

A

14) The mass of a mass-and-spring system is displaced 10 cm from its equilibrium position and released. A frequency of 4.0 Hz is observed. What frequency would be observed if the mass had been displaced only 5.0 cm and then released? A) 2.0 Hz B) 4.0 Hz C) 8.0 Hz D) none of the above

B

15) A 4.0-kg object is attached to a spring of spring constant 10 N/m. The object is displaced by 5.0 cm from the equilibrium position and let go. What is the period of vibration? A) 2.0 s B) 4.0 s C) 8.0 s D) 16 s

B

16) Increasing the mass M of a mass-and-spring system causes what kind of change in the resonant frequency of the system? (Assume no change in the system's spring constant k.) A) The frequency increases. B) The frequency decreases. C) There is no change in the frequency. D) The frequency increases if the ratio k/m is greater than or equal to 1 and decreases if the ratio k/m is less than 1.

B

2) A mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 60 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The spring is initially stretched by a force of 5.0 N on the mass and let go. It takes the mass 0.50 s to go back to its equilibrium position when it is oscillating. What is the amplitude? A) 0.030 m B) 0.083 m C) 0.30 m D) 0.83 m

B

20) A 0.30-kg mass is suspended on a spring. In equilibrium the mass stretches the spring 2.0 cm downward. The mass is then pulled an additional distance of 1.0 cm down and released from rest. Calculate the period of oscillation. A) 0.14 s B) 0.28 s C) 0.020 s D) 0.078 s

B

20) When the mass of a simple pendulum is tripled, the time required for one complete vibration A) increases by a factor of 3. B) does not change .C) decreases to one-third of its original value. D) decreases to 1/ 3 of its original value.

B

21) Both pendulum A and B are 3.0 m long. The period of A is T. Pendulum A is twice as heavy as pendulum B. What is the period of B? A) 0.71T B) T C) 1.4T D) 2T

B

23) An object in simple harmonic motion obeys the following position versus time equation: y = (0.50 m) sin (p/2 t). What is the amplitude of vibration? A) 0.25 m B) 0.50 m C) 0.75 m D) 1.0 m

B

23) What happens to a simple pendulum's frequency if both its length and mass are increased? A) It increases. B) It decreases. C) It remains constant .D) It could remain constant, increase, or decrease; it depends on the length to mass ratio.

B

25) If you take a given pendulum to the Moon, where the acceleration of gravity is less than on Earth, the resonant frequency of the pendulum will A) increase. B) decrease. C) not change .D) either increase or decrease; it depends on its length to mass ratio.

B

28) Curve C in Fig. 11-1 represents A) an underdamped situation. B) an overdamped situation C) a moderately damped situation. D) critical damping.

B

29) For a forced vibration, the amplitude of vibration is found to depend on the A) sum of the external frequency and the natural frequency. B) difference of the external frequency and the natural frequency. C) product of the external frequency and the natural frequency. D) ratio of the external frequency and the natural frequency.

B

30) A pendulum has a period of 2.0 s on Earth. What is its length? A) 2.0 m B) 1.0 m C) 0.70 m D) 0.50 m

B

31) The pendulum of a grandfather clock is 1.0 m long. What is its period on the Earth? A) 1.0 s B) 2.0 s C) 4.0 s D) 8.0 s

B

32) The number of crests of a wave passing a point per unit time is called the wave's A) speed. B) frequency. C) wavelength . D) amplitude.

B

33) A simple pendulum consists of a 0.25-kg spherical mass attached to a massless string. When the mass is displaced slightly from its equilibrium position and released, the pendulum swings back and forth with a frequency of 2.0 Hz. What frequency would have resulted if a 0.50-kg mass (same diameter sphere) had been attached to the string instead? A) 1.0 Hz B) 2.0 Hz C) 1.4 Hz D) none of the above

B

35) Figure 11-2 is a "snapshot" of a wave at a given time. The frequency of the wave is 120 Hz. What is the amplitude? A) 0.05 m B) 0.10 m C) 0.15 m D) 0.20 m

B

37) A string of mass m and length L is under tension T. The speed of a wave in the string is v. What will be the speed of a wave in the string if the mass of the string is increased to 2m, with no change in length? A) 0.5v B) 0.71v C) 1.4v D) 2v

B

37) Figure 11-2 is a "snapshot" of a wave at a given time. The frequency of the wave is 120 Hz. What is the wave speed? A) 12 m/s B) 24 m/s C) 36 m/s D) 48 m/s

B

38) What is the frequency of a wave which has a period of 6.00 ms? A) 16.7 Hz B) 167 Hz C) 1.67 kHz D) 16.7 kHz

B

39) What is the period of a wave with a frequency of 1500 Hz? A) 0.67 ms B) 0.67 ms C) 0.67 s D) 6.7 s

B

40) In seismology, the S wave is a transverse wave. As an S wave travels through the Earth, the relative motion between the S wave and the particles is A) parallel. B) perpendicular. C) first parallel, then perpendicular. D) first perpendicular, then parallel.

B

44) A string of linear density 6.0 g/m is under a tension of 180 N. What is the velocity of propagation of transverse waves along the string? A) 2.9 ̨ 104 m/s B) 1.7 ̨ 102 m/s C) 13 m/s D) 5.8 ̨ 10-3 m/s

B

45) Two wave pulses pass each other on a string. The one traveling toward the right has a positive amplitude, while the one traveling toward the left has an equal amplitude in the negative direction. At the point that they occupy the same region of space at the same time A) constructive interference occurs. B) destructive interference occurs. C) a standing wave is produced. D) a traveling wave is produced.

B

46) Resonance in a system, such as a string fixed at both ends, occurs when A) it is oscillating in simple harmonic motion. B) its frequency is the same as the frequency of an external source. C) its frequency is greater than the frequency of an external source. D) its frequency is smaller than the frequency of an external source.

B

5) A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. It goes through 10 complete oscillations in 5.0 s. What is the period? A) 0.020 s B) 0.50 s C) 2.0 s D) 50 s

B

7) A 0.50-kg mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 20 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. What is the total energy of the system? A) 0.27 J B) 0.56 J C) 0.65 J D) 1.1 J

B

8) A mass is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the mass located when its kinetic energy is a maximum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-fourth of the way between A and B D) none of the above

B

9) A mass is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the mass located when its potential energy is a minimum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-fourth of the way between A and B D) none of the above

B

11) A 2.0-kg mass is attached to the end of a horizontal spring of spring constant 50 N/m and set into simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.10 m. What is the total mechanical energy of this system? A) 0.020 J B) 25 J C) 0.25 J D) 1.0 J

C

11) Doubling only the amplitude of a vibrating mass-and-spring system produces what effect on the system's mechanical energy? A) increases the energy by a factor of two B) increases the energy by a factor of three C) increases the energy by a factor of four D) produces no change

C

12) A 2.0-kg mass is attached to the end of a horizontal spring of spring constant 50 N/m and set into simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.10 m. What is the total mechanical energy of this system? A) 0.020 J B) 25 J C) 0.25 J D) 1.0 J

C

13) A mass vibrates back and forth from the free end of an ideal spring of spring constant 20.0 N/m with an amplitude of 0.250 m. What is the maximum kinetic energy of this vibrating mass? A) 2.50 J B) 1.25 J C) 0.625 J D) It is impossible to give an answer since kinetic energy cannot be determined without knowing the object's mass.

C

14) A mass oscillates on the end of a spring, both on Earth and on the Moon. Where is the period the greatest? A) Earth B) the Moon C) same on both Earth and the Moon D) cannot be determined from the information given

C

17) Increasing the amplitude of a mass-and-spring system causes what kind of change in the resonant frequency of the system? (Assume no other changes in the system.) A) The frequency increases. B) The frequency decreases. C) There is no change in the frequency. D) The frequency depends on the displacement, not the amplitude.

C

18) A mass m hanging on a spring has a natural frequency f. If the mass is increased to 4m, what is the new natural frequency? A) 4f B) 2f C) 0.5f D) 0.25f

C

19) A simple pendulum consists of a mass M attached to a weightless string of length L. For this system, when undergoing small oscillations A) the frequency is proportional to the amplitude. B) the period is proportional to the amplitude. C) the frequency is independent of the mass M. D) the frequency is independent of the length L.

C

19) Two masses, A and B, are attached to different springs. Mass A vibrates with amplitude of 8.0 cm at a frequency of 10 Hz and mass B vibrates with amplitude of 5.0 cm at a frequency of 16 Hz. How does the maximum speed of A compare to the maximum speed of B? A) Mass A has the greater maximum speed. B) Mass B has the greater maximum speed. C) They are equal. D) There is not enough information to determine.

C

2) For a periodic process, the number of cycles per unit time is called the A) amplitude. B) wavelength. C) frequency. D) period.

C

22) When the length of a simple pendulum is tripled, the time for one complete vibration increases by a factor of A) 3. B) 2. C) 1.7. D) 1.4.

C

24) Simple pendulum A swings back and forth at twice the frequency of simple pendulum B. Which statement is correct? A) Pendulum B is twice as long as A .B) Pendulum B is twice as massive as A. C) The length of B is four times the length of A. D) The mass of B is four times the mass of A.

C

26) A mass attached to the free end of a spring executes simple harmonic motion according to the equation y = (0.50 m) sin (18p t) where y is in meters and t is seconds. What is the period of vibration? A) 9.0 s B) 18 s C) 1/9 s D) 1/18 s

C

31) The distance between successive crests on a wave is called the wave's A) speed. B) frequency. C) wavelength. D) amplitude.

C

32) The pendulum of a grandfather clock is 1.0 m long. What is its period on the Moon where the acceleration due to gravity is only 1.7 m/s2? A) 1.2 s B) 2.4 s C) 4.8 s D) 23 s

C

34) The frequency of a wave increases. What happens to the distance between successive crests if the speed remains constant? A) It increases. B) It remains the same. C) It decreases. D) It cannot be determined from the information given

C

36) Figure 11-2 is a "snapshot" of a wave at a given time. The frequency of the wave is 120 Hz. What is the wavelength? A) 0.05 m B) 0.10 m C) 0.20 m D) 0.30 m

C

38) A string of mass m and length L is under tension T. The speed of a wave in the string is v. What will be the speed of a wave in the string if the length is increased to 2L, with no change in mass? A) 0.5v B) 0.71v C) 1.4v D) 2v

C

39) A string of mass m and length L is under tension T. The speed of a wave in the string is v. What will be the speed of a wave in the string if the tension is increased to 2T? A) 0.5T B) 0.71T C) 1.4T D) 2T

C

4) A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. When the mass is at its maximum displacement from equilibrium, its instantaneous velocity A) is maximum. B) is less than maximum, but not zero. C) is zero. D) cannot be determined from the information given.

C

42) What is the frequency of a 2.5 m wave traveling at 1400 m/s? A) 178 Hz B) 1.78 kHz C) 560 Hz D) 5.6 kHz

C

43) A piano string of linear mass density 0.0050 kg/m is under a tension of 1350 N. What is the wave speed? A) 130 m/s B) 260 m/s C) 520 m/s D) 1040 m/s

C

43) A wave pulse traveling to the right along a thin cord reaches a discontinuity where the rope becomes thicker and heavier. What is the orientation of the reflected and transmitted pulses? A) Both are right side up .B) The reflected pulse returns right side up while the transmitted pulse is inverted. C) The reflected pulse returns inverted while the transmitted pulse is right side up. D) Both are inverted.

C

47) If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, which one of the following frequencies can set the string into resonant vibration? A) 250 Hz B) 750 Hz C) 1500 Hz D) 1750 Hz

C

47) If one doubles the tension in a violin string, the fundamental frequency of that string will increase by a factor of A) 2. B) 4. C) 1.4. D) 1.7

C

49) A string, fixed at both ends, vibrates at a frequency of 12 Hz with a standing transverse wave pattern containing 3 loops. What frequency is needed if the standing wave pattern is to contain 4 loops? A) 48 Hz B) 36 Hz C) 16 Hz D) 12 Hz

C

8) A mass undergoes SHM with amplitude of 4 cm. The energy is 8.0 J at this time. The mass is cut in half, and the system is again set in motion with amplitude 4.0 cm. What is the energy of the system now? A) 2.0 J B) 4.0 J C) 8.0 J D) 16 J

C

9) A 0.50-kg mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 20 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. What is the amplitude of vibration? A) 0.024 m B) 0.058 m C) 0.24 m D) 0.58 m

C

1) The time for one cycle of a periodic process is called the A) amplitude. B) wavelength. C) frequency. D) period.

D

1) What is the spring constant of a spring that stretches 2.00 cm when a mass of 0.600 kg is suspended from it? A) 0.300 N/m B) 30.0 N/m C) 2.94 N/m D) 294 N/m

D

10) A 0.50-kg mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 20 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. At what location are the kinetic energy and the potential energy the same? A) 0.017 m B) 0.029 m C) 0.12 m D) 0.17 m

D

12) Doubling only the mass of a vibrating mass-and-spring system produces what effect on the system's mechanical energy? A) increases the energy by a factor of two B) increases the energy by a factor of three C) increases the energy by a factor of four D) produces no change

D

18) A mass is attached to a spring. It oscillates at a frequency of 1.27 Hz when displaced a distance of 2.0 cm from equilibrium and released. What is the maximum velocity attained by the mass? A) 0.02 m/s B) 0.04 m/s C) 0.08 m/s D) 0.16 m/s

D

24) An object in simple harmonic motion obeys the following position versus time equation: y = (0.50 m) sin (p/2 t). What is the period of vibration? A) 1.0 s B) 2.0 s C) 3.0 s D) 4.0 s

D

25) An object in simple harmonic motion obeys the following position versus time equation: y = (0.50 m) sin (p/2 t). What is the maximum speed of the object? A) 0.13 m/s B) 0.26 m/s C) 0.39 m/s D) 0.79 m/s

D

27) Curve B in Fig. 11-1 represents A) an underdamped situation. B) an overdamped situation. C) a moderately damped situation. D) critical damping

D

3) A mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 60 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The spring is initially stretched by a force of 5.0 N on the mass and let go. It takes the mass 0.50 s to go back to its equilibrium position when it is oscillating. What is the period of oscillation? A) 0.50 s B) 1.0 s C) 1.5 s D) 2.0 s

D

30) In a wave, the maximum displacement of points of the wave from equilibrium is called the wave's A) speed .B) frequency. C) wavelength. D) amplitude.

D

40) What is the wave speed if a wave has a frequency of 12 Hz and a wavelength of 3.0 m? A) 4.0 m/s B) 9.0 m/s C) 15 m/s D) 36 m/s

D

41) What is the velocity of a wave that has a wavelength of 3.0 m and a frequency of 12 Hz? A) 4.0 m/s B) 9.0 m/s C) 15 m/s D) 36 m/s

D