Chapter 11- Preventing Diseases
athletes foot and ringworm
2 examples of diseases caused by fungi (or by molds and yeasts)
Strep throat and Lyme Disease
2 examples of diseases that bacteria can cause.
allergies or muscular dystrophy
2 examples of noncommunicable diseases that can be passed from parent to child
TaySachs disease and Congenital Heart Disease
2 examples of noncommunicable diseases that can be present at birth
Cancer
2nd leading cause of death in U.S.
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis
3 STD's that can be cured with antibiotics
chicken pox, measles, and mumps
3 examples of diseases that are a lot less common because children are vaccinated against these
common cold, the flu and measles
3 examples of viruses
abstinence, avoid sharing needles, and avoid alcohol and drugs
3 ways to prevent getting HIV and STD's
increased thirst, frequent urine production, lack of energy and blurred vision
4 common symptoms of diabetes
Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi
4 main classes of pathogens or disease causing organisms
1. surgery 2. radiation 3. chemotherapy 4. biologic therapies
4 main ways cancer usually treated
1. HIV enters the bloodstream 2. virus attacks and damages T cells lymphocytes. 3. virus multiples and destroys more lymphocytes. immune system is weaker. 4. death occurs because immune system is unable to fight off an infection that a healthy immune system could have.
4 stages of HIV
direct physical contact, indirect contact, eating or drinking contaminated food or water, and through contact with animals or insects.
4 ways germs are spread
skin, tears, saliva, mucous membranes, and stomach acids
5 major barriers that work to prevent germs from entering your body
1. stay physically active 2. healthy weight 3. eat foods high fiber and low in salt, fat and cholesterol 4. manage stress 5. avoid tobacco
5 ways a person can reduce their chances of developing heart disease
CAUTION 1. Changes in bowel or bladder habits 2. A sore that does not heal 3. Unusual bleeding or discharge 4. Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere 5. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing 6. Obvious changes in a wart or mole 7. Nagging cough or hoarseness
7 cancer warning signs
Parasites
A type of protozoa that attaches itself to healthy cells. they rob the cell of its nutrients without killing it.
acquired immunode
AIDS
Malaria.
An example of a disease caused by a protozoan. It is deadly, found in tropical regions and spread by a certain kind of mosquito.
shaking hands
An example of direct physical contact which can cause the spread of germs
bacteria that cause food poisoning
An example of germs spread by eating or drinking contaminated water or food
avoid touching our mouth and eyes with your hands
An example of something you can do to prevent the germs from entering your body
Yes, they can delay the onset of AIDS
Are drugs used for the treatment of HIV?
Yes, some are harmless.
Are there any protozoas that are harmless to humans?
12-15 months; 4-6 years
At what age is the vaccine for measles given?
Yes, they can look perfectly healthy
Can a person infected with HIV look healthy?
yes but the blood is screened for this so the chance is low.
Can you get HIV from a blood transfusion?
They should be retested in 3 months because the body needs time to develop the antibodies that allow for the detection of HIV?
If someone has a negative test for HIV, does that mean that they definitely do not have HIV?
Yes, it can return if there is contact with the pathogen again
If someone is treated for an STD and it goes away, can the same person get it again?
Asthma
Name a noncommunicable disease triggered by an allergen
physical exercise
This is a treatment for diabetes that lowers blood sugar and pressure, improves the body's ability to use insulin, and helps prevent complications like heart disease.
Medical Technologist
This profession tests patients' blood and tissues in order to help doctors treat diseases. in order to become this, you need to study communicable and noncommunicable diseases.
Type 2 diabetes
This type of diabetes has increased in young people because of obesity in children and teens
Type 1 Diabetes
This type of diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin at all
Type 2 Diabetes
This type of diabetes is when the body makes insulin but it is unable to use it efficiently
whether antibodies to the virus are present
To detect HIV, what does the lab test look for?
eat well, protect your skin with sunscreen, and avoid exposure to dangerous substances
What are 3 things you can do to lower your risk of getting cancer?
heredity, exposure to cancer-causing substances, or poor health choices
What are the 3 things that cause cancer?
medication. if too serious, then surgery. in severe cases, a heart transplant.
What are the treatment options for heart disease
Bacteria
What can cause tooth decay?
cigarette smoking
What is the cause of 30% of all cancer deaths?
skin cancer
What is the most common form of cancer?
Communicable disease
is a cold, a communicable disease or a noncommunicable disease?
Disease
is a condition that affects the proper functioning of the body or mind.
no
is there a cure for allergies?
no
is there a cure for the common cold
genital herpes
itching or pain followed by painful, itchy sores in genital area; symptoms come and go, but virus is still present and able to be spread
stomach acids
kills the germs that make it past the saliva and mucous membranes in your mouth.
heart disease and diabetes
lack of physical activity, being overweight or eating food high in fat can lead to these 2 noncommunicable diseases
lung disease
living in a city with heavy smog can lead to this noncommunicable disease
chronic
long lasting
take medicines and avoid triggers
most asthmatics regularly do what to 2 things to prevent attacks
immunity
resistance to infection
immune system
second line of your body's defense
Viruses
tiny, nonliving particles that invade and take over healthy cells.
inhaling medication
treatment for minor asthma attacks includes this
hospital visit
treatment for severe asthma attack includes this
permanent lung damage or death
untreated asthma can lead to these 2 things
Hepatitis B
weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, fever, yellowing of eyes, abdominal pain, dark urine
Hepatitis A, B, and C
weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, fever, yellowing of eyes, abdominal pain, dark urine.
medications
what can help ease symptoms or even prevent an allergic reaction?
the virus has been mutating or changing itself
what is one of the challenges for scientists to find medications to treat HIV
avoid the allergen
what is the best way to avoid an allergic reaction?
rest and drink plenty of fluids
what should you do to help your body recover from the common cold or the flu?
immunity
when antibodies recognize germs that reenter the body and attack and destroy them
allergies
when the immune system overreacts to allergens as if they were pathogens entering your body
permanent health damage or death
why is it important that a teen seek help if they think they might have an STD?
germs can thrive in moist environments
why should you dry your hands after you wash them in order to prevent the spread of germs?
immune system can no longer protect the body
When a person has HIV, the T cell count drops so low that this happens
allergen
a substance that causes an allergic reaction
Pathogen
also called germs
infection from measles can spread to the brain and cause brain damage
an example of a noncommunicable disease that is caused by harm from a communicable disease
hypertension
another word for high blood pressure
Yes, some strains of viruses are harmless
are some strains of viruses harmless?
allergens, physical activity, cold or damp air, cigarette smoke or other forms of air pollution
asthma may be triggered by these things
mucous membranes
barrier that lines the insides or your mouth, throat, nose and eyes. They are coated with a sticky fluid that traps and destroys germs.
no
can you get HIV from sweat or tears?
no
can you get HIV from the air or a mosquito?
antibodies
chemicals produced specifically to fight a particular invading substance
asthma
chronic disease in which the airways become irritated and swollen
poor heath habits, environment, heredity, harm done by a communicable disease
common causes of noncommunicable diseases
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
communicable disease spread from one person to another through sexual activity.
AIDS
condition characterized by life-ending infections and a T cell count under 200
Tuberculosis (TB)
cough, fatigue, persistent fever, night sweats, weight loss
vaccine
dead or weakened pathogen introduced into your body that trigger the immune system to make antibodies to fight the pathogen.
stroke
destruction of brain tissue caused when the heart can't pump enough blood to the brain
Cancer
disease caused by abnormal cells that grow out of control.
Diabetes
disease caused when the body doesn't make or can't use insulin
Diabetes
disease that prevents the body from using sugars and starches in food for energy.
Noncommunicable diseases
diseases that cannot spread from another person.
asthma attack
during this, the small airways of the lungs become coated with a thick mucus, making it difficult to breathe.
through the air after a person coughs or sneezes, sharing a cup, utensils or personal items
examples of indirect contacts that can spread germs
Bacteria
extremely small, single-celled organisms with no cell nucleus.
Not all are harmful and both are communicable diseases
give 2 similarities between viruses and bacteria
Insulin
hormone produced by the pancreas which normally moves sugars into cells
sexual contact, sharing needles, pregnant woman to developing child, and an infected mother to her baby when breast feeding
how are body fluids spread from one person to another for the spread of HIV?
medical tests
how can a person determine if they have an allergy
breaking down other living organisms and absorbing their nutrients
how do fungi survive?
can be inherited or can be cauesd by stress, kidney problems, or eating too many foods high in fat or cholesterol
how does someone get High Blood pressure
15 seconds
how long should you rub your hands together with soap and water in order to limit the spread of germs?
Abstinence
if you avoid sexual contact with another person, you are practicing this
flu
if you have a high fever, joint and muscle aches, you might have, what communicable disease?
common cold
if you have runny nose, sneezing, coughing, sore throat, headache, and mild fever, what communicable disease might you have?
warm water
in order to prevent the spread of germs, when washing your hands, what temperature should the water be?
No, most do not have vaccines
Do most STD's have vaccines?
through specific body fluids that include semen, fluid from the vagina, blood, and breast milk
How is HIV spread?
infected mosquitos
How is the West Nile Virus spread?
benign
a noncancerous tumor
No, we could not.
Could we live without bacteria?
Communicable Diseases
Diseases that can be spread from one person, an animal or an object.
no
Do benign tumors spread?
yes. They spread to surrounding tissues and, eventually, to the whole body.
Do malignant tumors spread?
One lives in your intestines and plays an important role in breaking down food during digestion. Another lives on your skin and eats dead skin cells.
Give 2 examples of helpful bacteria.
T cell
HIV attacks a specific type of lymphocyte called this
yes, not all bacterial is harmful and some is actually helpful.
Is any bacteria harmless?
Yes, most fungi are harmless to humans.
Is any fungi harmless?
Noncommunicable diseases
Is cancer or diabetes, a communicable diseases or a noncommunicable disease?
Yes, you can have no visible symptoms and still be contagious
Is it possible to have an STD and have no visible symptoms but still be contagious?
dander in animal hair or fur, dust, pollen, grass and some molds
List 4 common allergens
Genital warts, genital herpes, hepatitis B and HiV or AIDS
STD's that cannot be cured with antibiotics
people who use tanning booths, spend too much time in the sun, or have a family history of skin cancer
Who is more likely to develop skin cancer?
People who use alcohol or drugs often use the ability to make wise decisions. They are more likely to engage in risky behaviors.
Why might drinking or doing drugs increase the risk of getting an STD?
chemotherapy
a cancer treatment that travels throughout the body to destroy cancer cells wherever they occur
biologic treatment
a cancer treatment that works with the body's immune system, stimulating it to fight cancer
malignant
a cancerous tumor
immune system
a group of cells, tissues, and organs that fight disease.
tumor
a mass of abnormal cells
Congenital heart disease
noncommunicable disease that involves a defect in the heart valve or one of the big blood vessels leading out of the heart.
TaySachs disease
noncommunicable disease that involves a genetic disorder that shows up at birth and destroys the central nervous system
Abstinence
not participating in high risk behaviors
heart disease
number 1 cause of death in the U.S.
syphilis
red, wet, painless sores at place where virus enters body, followed by rash and flu like symptoms; can lead to brain damage and other serious health problems, especially in infants
gonorrhea
pain or burning during urination; unusual discharge from penis or vagina; abdominal pain; sometimes has no symptoms (especially in females) but can still be spread.
chlamydia
pain or burning feeling during urination; unusual discharge from penis or vagina; often has no symptoms (especially in females) but can still be spread.
Fungi
primitive single or many celled organisms that cannot make their own food.
hepatitis
serious disease of the liver caused by a virus
Protozoa
single-celled organisms that have a nucleus.
genital warts
small pink or red bumps in genital areas; can increase the risk of certain cancers in women.
vaccine
some communicable diseases may be prevented with this
antibodies
some lymphocytes produce these
Strep throat
sore throat, fever, chills, body aches, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, swollen tonsils or glands.
contagious
spread the virus to others by direct or indirect contact
Mononucleosis
swollen lymph glands (in neck, underarms, groin), headaches, sore muscles, sore throat, fever, and fatigue
surgery and radiation
the 2 cancer treatments that are most effective when the cancer has not spread
skin
the body's largest organ, acts like a wall around the inner organs
allergy
the body's sensitivity to certain substances
chemotherapy
the cancer treatment often used when the cancer has spread through the body
pryogen
the release of this chemical triggers a rise in body temperture or fever that helps your body fight infection
infection
the result of a pathogens or germs invading the body, multiplying, and harming some of your body's cells.
Pathogen
the scientific name for a microscopic organism that causes communicable diseases.
lymphocytes
this is a key part of the immune system. They are white blood cells that attack pathogens or harmful germs.
hepatitis A
this is the only communicable disease that you can get from food or water containing the virus (not direct or indirect contact)
radiation
this is the treatment for cancer when the goal is to destroy cancer cells in a specific location
surgery
this is the treatment for cancer when the goal is to remove tumors