Chapter 11 Quiz

*In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater?* - a monosynaptic reflex - a polysynaptic reflex

a polysynaptic reflex

*A drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors.* - nicotinic cholinergic - muscarinic cholinergic - alpha adrenergic - beta adrenergic

beta adrenergic

*Each spinal nerve provides ________ innervation to peripheral structures.* - motor - sensory - motor AND sensory - motor OR sensory

motor AND sensory

*The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves, except the* - radial - median - ulnar - musculocutaneous - phrenic

phrenic

*An interlacing of nerves is known as a:* -dorsal root -ganglia -perineurium -plexus

plexus

*The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the neighboring spinal nerves is termed a* - dermatome - plexus - ganglion - tract

plexus

*The eight pairs of cervical nerves are classified as:* - spinal nerves - cranial nerves - intercostal nerves - intervertebral nerves

spinal nerves

*Nerves between the sympathetic chain ganglia and the collateral ganglia are called ________.* - splanchnic nerves - cranial nerves - sensory nerves - ganglionic nerves

splanchnic nerves

*Beta-adrenergic receptors always have an inhibitory effect.* - True - False

False

*The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex.* - stretch - Golgi tendon - flexor withdrawal - crossed extensor

Golgi tendon

*Which of the following reflexes functions to prevent injury to tendons and muscle fibers?* - stretch - crossed extension - flexor - Golgi tendon

Golgi tendon

*Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?* -Preganglionic neurons are located in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord -Postganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effector organs - Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long - The preganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine

Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long

*Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic sympathetic neuron?* - norepinephrine - dopamine - acetylcholine - endorphin

acetylcholine

*The obturator nerve is distributed to the* - adductors of the hip - biceps brachii - extensors of the hip - skin over buttocks

adductors of the hip

*A reflex arc always contains:* - afferent and efferent components - no interneurons - pathways located only in the CNS - pathways located only in the PNS

afferent and efferent components

*During sympathetic activation, ___________ occurs.* - elevated heart rate - elevated blood pressure - elevated blood glucose - all of the above

all of the above

*Ganglionic (postganglionic) neurons innervate such things as* - smooth muscle. - cardiac muscle. - glands. - all of the above

all of the above

*Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells results in* - increased heart rate - increased force of contraction - all of the above - none of the above

all of the above

*The stimulation of adrenergic receptors can lead to* - an increase in metabolic activity. - relaxation of airway smooth muscle - the breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes - all of the above - none of the above

all of the above

*Fibers of the autonomic nervous system:* - are distributed to the smooth muscles and glands throughout the body - control contraction and relaxation of all the skeletal muscles of the body - connect the various networks of the reticular formation - all of the above - both a and b

are distributed to the smooth muscles and glands throughout the body

*Fibers of the autonomic nervous system:* - are distributed to the smooth muscles and glands throughout the body - control contraction and relaxation of all the skeletal muscles of the body - connect the various networks of the reticular formation - all of the above - both a and b

are distributed to the smooth muscles and glands throughout the body

*All of the following are true of muscle spindles, except that they* - are found within skeletal muscle - are found in tendons - are the receptor for the stretch reflex - are propriceptor

are found in tendons

*Postganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________.* - brain; visceral effectors - autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors - visceral effectors; brain - brain; spinal cord

autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors

*The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains* - axons of motor neurons - axons of sensory neurons - cell bodies of motor neurons - cell bodies of sensory neurons

axons of motor neurons

*A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in* - an increase in vessel diameter - a decrease in vessel diameter - an increase in blood flow through the vessel - both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel

both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel

*Which of the following would lead to increased heart rate?* - increased sympathetic input - increased parasympathetic input - decreased parasympathetic input - both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

*Spinal nerves are* - purely sensory - purely motor - both sensory and motor - never mixed

both sensory and motor

*Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in* - the brain stem - the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord - the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord - both the brain stem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord

both the brain stem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord

*In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?* - cervical - brachial - lumbar - sacral

brachial

*All of the following are true of reflexes, except that they* - are automatic motor responses - involve at least two neurons - help preserve homeostasis - cannot be modified by the brain

cannot be modified by the brain

*Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex?* - normal in newborns, abnormal in adults - a sign of injury to descending spinal tracts - causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze - causes flaring of the toes when the sole is stroked

causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain - axons of motor neurons - axons of sensory neurons - cell bodies of motor neurons - cell bodies of sensory neurons

cell bodies of sensory neurons

*Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.* - intramural - collateral - paravertebral - suprarenal

collateral

*The parasympathetic nervous system functions to:* - provide quick energy but slow digestion - conserve energy but facilitate digestion - provide quick energy and facilitate digestion - conserve energy and slow digestion

conserve energy but facilitate digestion

*The _____________ reflex complements the flexor withdrawal reflex by activating contralateral muscles.* - stretch - tendon - flexor - crossed extensor

crossed extensor

*The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm.* - median - radial - phrenic - sciatic

phrenic

*Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers, except* - increased blood flow to skeletal muscles - reduced circulation to the skin - decreased heart rate - dilation of the pupils and airways

decreased heart rate

*The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)?* - exertion - trauma - digestion - stress

digestion

*Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating* - constipation - prostate disorders - excessive salivation - excessive heart rate

excessive heart rate

*The stretch reflex* - is important in regulating muscle length - involves a receptor called the Golgi tendon organ - is activated when a smooth muscle lengthens - none of the above

is important in regulating muscle length

*Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the* - lateral gray horns of the cervical cord - anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord - lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord - lateral gray horns of T1 to S2 of the spinal cord

lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord

*Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles.* - shoulder - intercostal - facial - leg

leg

*In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.* - long; short - short; long

long; short

*The flexor withdrawal reflex* - prevents a muscle from overstretching -prevents a muscle from generating damaging tension - moves a limb away from a painful stimulus - is usually initiated by the brain

moves a limb away from a painful stimulus

*The ________ division of the ANS is known as the rest and digest division.* - sympathetic - parasympathetic - thoracolumbar - visceral

parasympathetic

*Craniosacral division is another name for the* - sympathetic division of the ANS - parasympathetic division of the ANS - fight or flight division - somatic sensory division

parasympathetic division of the ANS

*A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) ________ neuron.* - upper motor - lower motor - preganglionic - postganglionic

preganglionic

*As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve.* - phrenic - femoral - brachial - sciatic

sciatic

*If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed,* - output to skeletal muscles would be blocked - output to visceral organs would be blocked - the spinal cord would not be able to process information - sensory input would be blocked

sensory input would be blocked

*Cranial and spinal nerves are capable of transmitting:* - only sensory information - only motor information - only autonomic information - sensory, motor, and autonomic information

sensory, motor, and autonomic information

*In the condition ________, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes.* - myasthenia gravis - neuronal damage - shingles - chickenpox

shingles

*In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.* - long; short - short; long

short; long

*A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a* - cervical enlargement - lumbar enlargement - spinal nerve - spinal meninx

spinal nerve

*The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?* - somatic division - craniosacral division - resting division - thoracolumbar division

thoracolumbar division

*The statement "It sends its preganglionic axons into the ventral roots." is* - true only for the parasympathetic nervous system - true only for the sympathetic nervous system - true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems - not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

*The statement "Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine" is:* - true only for the parasympathetic nervous system - true only for the sympathetic nervous system - true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems - not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

*The statement there is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ is* - true only for the parasympathetic nervous system - true only for the sympathetic nervous system - true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems - not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

*The statement "Its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is:* - true only for the parasympathetic nervous system - true only for the sympathetic nervous system - true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems - not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

*The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is:* - true only for the parasympathetic nervous system - true only for the sympathetic nervous system - true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems - not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating* - heart failure. - high blood pressure. - urinary incontinence. - all of the above

urinary incontinence

*Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the* - splanchnic nerves - facial nerves - vagus nerves

vagus nerves

*Which of these provides parasympathetic innervation to structures in the neck and in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?* - vagus nerves - sciatic nerves - facial nerves - median nerves

vagus nerves