Chapter 11 Quiz

PAINTING: The ideas expressed in the painting above most directly reflect which of the following continuities in U.S. history?

A sense of unique national mission and a superior cultural identity

Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the nineteenth-century South?

About 5 percent of southern whites owned 50 percent of the South's slave population.

Thee 1857 Dred Scott decision had which of the following consequences?

The decision persuaded many Republicans that the Supreme Court and President Buchanan were part of the "slave power" conspiracy.

How did pro-annexation Democrats engineer the annexation of Texas in 1845?

The party approved it through a joint resolution, which required only a majority vote in both houses of Congress.

How did Oregon fever affect national politics in the United States in 1844?

The possibility of expansion into Texas became a major issue in the presidential election.

Why was the domestic slave trade crucial to the southern economy?

The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations.

Which of the following statements describes the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

The treaty purchased more than one-third of Mexico's territory for a mere $15 million

Which of the following statements was true of the American South in 1860?

The vast majority of southern white families did not own any slaves.

Which of these factors made enslaved African Americans reluctant to attempt to escape to the North?

They hesitated to leave their families and communities behind.

What prevented white southerners from working to diversify their economy in the nineteenth century?

Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.

What did the Wilmot Proviso, introduced in Congress in 1846, propose to do?

Prohibit slavery in any territory the United States acquired from Mexico

What was the outcome of the midterm election in 1858?

Republicans won control of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Which statement characterizes the typical relationship between slaves and their masters in the 1850s?

Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy.

Which of the following statements describes the American Party, or Know-Nothings, that emerged in the North in the 1850s?

The American Party originated in anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic societies of the 1840s.

Which of the following statements describes the American invasion of Mexico in 1846?

The Americans captured Matamoros, Monterrey, Tampico, and most of northeastern Mexico

Which of these factors created a major economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid-nineteenth-century South?

The Cotton Revolution

Thee 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act led to which of the following outcomes?

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was repealed.

Which of the following scenarios occurred during the 1856 presidential election?

The Republicans emerged as a formidable replacement for the Whigs and came close to winning the election.

EXCERPT: Thus was established, by compact between the States, ..... We affirm that these ends for which this Government ..... We, therefore, the People of South Carolina........ Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union, adopted December 24, 1860 With which of the following statements would the authors of the document excerpted above be most likely to agree?

The U.S. Constitution protected slavery.

What did nineteenth-century American expansionists mean by the term Manifest Destiny?

The citizens of the United States had a God-given right to conquer the land to the Pacific Ocean

American who lined up behind the free-soil cause in the late 1840s

declared that slavery threatened American republicanism by undermining family farms

PAINTING: The sentiments expressed in the painting led most directly to

environmental transformation of the western region.

Thee northern states responded to the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act by sponsoring

personal-liberty laws.

Thee 1845 annexation of Texas provoked

the Mexican War

EXCERPT: Thus was established, by compact between the States, ..... We affirm that these ends for which this Government ..... We, therefore, the People of South Carolina........ Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union, adopted December 24, 1860 Which of the following represents the most immediate cause of South Carolina's actions?

the election of Abraham Lincoln

EXCERPT: Texas is now ours. . . . The independence of Texas... Nor is there any just foundation for the charge that Annexation . . . . California will, probably, next fall away. . . . John L. O'Sullivan, Editor, "Manifest Destiny," from United States Magazine and Democratic Review, July 1845 If we regard Texas as a province of Mexico,. . . . In the month of January, 1846, the President of the United States. . . . Here the question occurs, What was the duty of Congress.... Alas! This was not the mood of Congress. With wicked speed.... Charles Sumner, Conscience Whig and future Republican Senator from Massachusetts, Letter to Robert Winthrop, a Whig Congressman from Massachusetts, October 25, 1846 The two excerpts quoted above would be most useful to historians analyzing

the heated controversy generated by the acquisition of new territory in the West.

In 1845, Texans claimed that their boundary extended

to the Rio Grande on the south and west.

James K. Polk's declaration that American blood had been shed "upon American soil" was his call for

war with Mexico

In an 1858 senate campaign speech, Abraham Lincoln

warned that the nation could not endure as "a house divided against itself," that is, half slave and half free.

In 1858, in his so-called Freeport Doctrine, Stephen Douglas

asserted that settlers could exclude slavery from a territory by not adopting local legislation to protect it.

Thee assertion by John C. Calhoun that planters could by right take their slave property into new territories. This idea won wide support in the Deep South.

"Slavery follows the flag"

American or Know-Nothing Party

A political party formed in 1851 that drew on the anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic movements of the 1840s. In 1854, the party gained control of the state governments of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania.

What happened in Christiana, Pennsylvania, in 1851?

About twenty African Americans fought a gun battle with slave catchers, killing two; a jury subsequently acquitted one defendant, and the government dropped charges against the rest.

Which of the following statements characterizes American settlement in California before the mid-1840s?

American settlement in California was fairly sparse in this period.

From 1854 to 1856, which of the following was the fundamental principle all Republicans agreed on?

An absolute opposition to the expansion of slavery into any new territories

Which of the following describes the changes in slaves' living conditions in the early nineteenth century?

As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they resisted the breakup of families through sale by their owners.

Which of the following examples embodied the synthesis of African and American culture that existed in the South in the 1850s?

Black evangelical Christianity

Despite stiff Mexican resistance, American forces also secured control of which future state in 1847?

California

EXCERPT: Our title to the country of the Oregon is "clear and unquestionable," ...... they have selected for their homes. James K. Polk, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1845 Which of the following represents a territory added to the United States in the same period as Polk's speech?

California

Why did Democratic presidential candidate Lewis Cass propose the idea of squatter sovereignty in 1848?

Cass hoped the plan would maintain the unity of the contentious Democratic Party.

Which of the following were core institutions for African American society in the mid-nineteenth-century South?

Church and family

During the 1850s, proslavery American expansionists attempted to acquire which of the following regions?

Cuba

EXCERPT: Resolved: That the Constitution confers upon Congress sovereign powers over the Territories of the United States ..... twin relics of barbarism - Polygamy, and Slavery. Resolved: That a railroad to the Pacific Ocean by the ..... emigrant road on the line of railroad. Republican Party Platform 1856

Debates about the appropriate role of the national government shaped political parties.

Which of the following developments occurred during the 1852 presidential campaign?

Democrats nominated Franklin Pierce as a compromise candidate because he was a congenial man with southern sympathies.

Thee 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled The Missouri compromise unconstitutional

Dred Scott versus Sandford

Which of the following was the critical issue facing political parties in the late 1840s?

Expansion of slavery

From 1818 until the early 1840s, the Oregon Territory was administered under which of the following arrangements?

Great Britain and the United States controlled it jointly.

How did James Gadsden distinguish himself during Franklin Pierce's presidency?

He bought a small amount of land from Mexico to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad.

Why did radical abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison criticize the free-soil movement bitterly in the late 1840s?

He found its emphasis on freehold farming racist and insufficiently radical.

Which of the following statements describes President Buchman's handling of the Kansas issue?

He tried but failed to have Kansas admitted as a slave state and fractured the Democratic Party

Which of the following statements describes President Buchanan's handling of the Kansas issue?

He tried but failed to have Kansas admitted as a slave state and fractured the Democratic Party.

In 1854, why did Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduce a bill to extinguish Native American rights in the Great Plains and organize the northern segment of the Louisiana Purchase into a large territory called Nebraska?

He wanted to build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to Northern California.

Which of the following individuals expressed public support for John Brown's attempt to ignite a slave rebellion in Virginia in 1859?

Henry David Thoreau

Why did the Republican party nominate Abraham Lincoln for the presidency in 1860?

His egalitarian image would attract votes among farmers and workers.

Which of the following statements characterizes blacks' resistance to slavery by the 1820s?

In their situation, most blacks had no choice but to build the best possible lives for themselves.

Which of the following attributes of American society did the planter aristocracy in the South value highly in the mid-nineteenth century?

Inequality

Which of the following statements describes the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

It denied alleged runaways a jury trial or the right to testify in their own defense.

Which of the following statements describes the Slidell mission to Mexico in December 1845?

It failed because Mexico had suspended diplomatic relations with the United States and refused to even see Slidell.

Why was the South on the cutting edge of the Market Revolution by 1840?

It produced and exported over two-thirds of the world's cotton supply.

Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin?

It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad.

Which of the following made the Oregon Territory so appealing to Americans in the mid-1800s?

Its mild climate and rich soil

What feature of the Lakota Sioux society protected it from the epidemics that decimated other Native American groups in the nineteenth century?

Its small groups and nomadic lifestyle

Which man who sought the presidency in 1844 is matched with the correct description?

James Polk—expansionist, dark-horse candidate of the Democratic Party who won the election

Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups?

Jews

Which of the following events took place in Kansas during the summer of 1856?

John Brown and his followers murdered and mutilated five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie.

Thee creation of the Republican Party, the Pottawatomie massacre, and the negation of the Missouri Compromise were all consequences of the

Kansas-Nebraska Act.

By the 1830s, which of the following was the dominant Indian tribe on the central and northern Plains?

Lakota

Which of the following methods was a highly uncommon form of slave resistance in the slave South?

Large-scale uprisings

Who of the following people is correctly matched to his position on the extension of slavery during the debate over the admission of California into the Union in 1850?

Lewis Cass—supported popular sovereignty to address the slavery issue

Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the Upper South in the early and mid-1800s?

Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.

EXCERPT: For different reasons I have delayed writing much longer ....... Letter by Samuel Russell to mother and sisters, Wyoming and Utah, 1862

Migrants were motivated by religious factors

Which of these statements most accurately describes the experiences of free blacks in the early nineteenth-century United States?

Most held low-wage jobs as farmworkers, day laborers, or laundresses.

Smallholding planters in the nineteenth-century South owned about how many slaves, on average?

One to five

In 1854 declaration that urgent Pres. Franklin Pierce to seize the slave owning province of Cuba from Spain

Ostend manifesto

Which of the following policies was implemented as part of the Compromise of 1850?

Passage of a new Fugitive Slave Act

How did the Franklin Pierce administration approach the settlement and organization of the Kansas Territory in 1854 and 1855?

Pierce officially favored the legitimacy of the proslavery legislature in Lecompton.

Which action did President Polk take in 1845 as part of his California strategy?

Polk sent orders to the U.S. Navy in the Pacific to seize San Francisco Bay and other California ports in the event of war with Mexico.

Why did the United States decline to annex Texas in 1837?

President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery

EXCERPT: Our title to the country of the Oregon is "clear and unquestionable," ...... they have selected for their homes. James K. Polk, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1845 Polk's speech best illustrates which of the following arguments made by supporters of Manifest Destiny?

Western expansion would allow the U.S. to spread its superior culture.

Popular sovereignty solved which of the following issues temporarily?

Whether Congress had the authority to legislate slavery in the territories

Abraham Lincoln belong to which political party during his four terms in the Illinois state legislature?

Whigs

Americans who migrated to the Oregon Territory in the 1840s settled in which of these regions?

Willamette Valley

Thee popular 1844 phrase "Fifty-four forty or fight!" served as

a push for American control of the entire Oregon territory.

EXCERPT: Texas is now ours. . . . The independence of Texas... Nor is there any just foundation for the charge that Annexation . . . . California will, probably, next fall away. . . . John L. O'Sullivan, Editor, "Manifest Destiny," from United States Magazine and Democratic Review, July 1845 If we regard Texas as a province of Mexico,. . . . In the month of January, 1846, the President of the United States. . . . Here the question occurs, What was the duty of Congress.... Alas! This was not the mood of Congress. With wicked speed.... Charles Sumner, Conscience Whig and future Republican Senator from Massachusetts, Letter to Robert Winthrop, a Whig Congressman from Massachusetts, October 25, 1846 The two excerpts above are best understood in the context of the

assertion of U.S. power and expansionism in the Western Hemisphere.

Under the task system, slaves were required to

complete a precisely defined job each day.

EXCERPT: Resolved: That the Constitution confers upon Congress sovereign powers over the Territories of the United States ..... twin relics of barbarism - Polygamy, and Slavery. Resolved: That a railroad to the Pacific Ocean by the ..... emigrant road on the line of railroad. Republican Party Platform 1856

congressional establishment of popular sovereignty in western territories