Chapter 11 Section 2
How many Cherokee refused to be relocated under the IRA
17,000
How many of the Cherokee died during the march?
4,000
Who was the Sauk leader who lead a revolt in Illinois
Black Hawk
What were some of the tribes that Jackson bargained with in the American South?
Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw
Besides "assimilation" what other choice did that made them unique among Native American
Established a written language and adopted a constitution
What were the conditions of the Trial of Tears
Harsh since they were marching in the winter
What was Jackson's opinion on this Supreme Court ruling
He felt the Indians were concurred and had no rights to their lands
How did Jackson respond to the Supreme Court's ruling against the Indian Removal Act?
He opposed it
Johnson vs. M'Intosh ruled that the what was unconstitutional because Native Americans had rights to their lands granted by federal treaty
Indian Removal Act
a law that ended the U.S. government's earlier policy of respecting the rights of Native Americans to remain on their land
Indian Removal Act of 1830
the area of land in present-day Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska to which Native Americans were forced to migrate
Indian Territory
How did Jackson and the US government violate the Indian Removal Act?
Jackson and the US government violated the Indian Removal Act by not peacefully negotiating treaties with Native Americans and not forcing them off their land
Who was the principal chief of the Cherokee Nation
John Ross
What was one challenge the Cherokee faced when they arrived in Indian Territory
Native Americans already living there resented them
How did Native Americans "assimilate" into American culture?
Native Americas assimilated into American culture by adopting European ways. For example, the Cherokee wore western style clothes, built plantations, built ranches, and developed a writing system which helped them have the ability to write their Constitution.
Where in Indian Territory were Native Americans forced to move to?
Nebraska
When did the Trail of Tears occur
Oct 1838- March 1839
Where were Native Americans forced to relocate
Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska
Who was the leader of the Seminoles who refused to be relocated?
Osceola
In 1835, Jackson declared war on who after they refused a removal treaty
Seminole
Compare and contrast Seminole, Sauk and Fox, and Cherokee resistance to relocation.
Seminole and Sauk and Fox rebelled with fighting while Cherokee resisted in a legal way.
Who established the written language used by the Cherokee
Sequoya
What caused literacy to spread quickly among the Cherokee?
Sequoya developed a writing system and published a newspaper
What were the effects on the Cherokee during the Trail of Tears
The Cherokee were not given proper food, shelter, or clothes, so they struggled in the rain, snow, and cold
After they were relocated, what caused the Sauk and Fox to rebel and return to Illinois?
They could not grow enough food
Why did the Sauk and Fox rebel after being relocated off their tribal lands
They could not grow enough food because the land was bad for farming so they attempted to move back home
What do you think helped enable the Cherokee to resit relocation
They had assimilated to European ways by wearing western clothes, building ranches, and established a constitution and government.
What advantage did the Seminole have when American soldiers attacked?
They lived in swamps with may hiding places
the route the Cherokees and other Native Americans took during their forced migration from the southeast United States to Oklahoma
Trail of Tears
to adopt the culture or way of life of the nation in which one currently lives
assimilate
The discovery of what on land in northern Georgia complicated life for the Cherokee Nation
gold
Where did the Cherokee relocate
in Indian Territory near present day Oklahoma
What was the advantage for the Seminole of living in the Everglades
provided plenty of places to hide
an agreement to stop fighting
truce