Chapter 11 SmartBook

Which of the following is NOT one of the needs McClelland said motivates people? Achievement Power Affiliation Affection

Affection

______ is a human needs theory postulating that people have three basic sets of needs that can operate simultaneously. Alderfer's ERG theory ARG theory Maslow's hierarchy Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory

Alderfer's ERG theory

Which motivation theory identifies the kinds of needs that people want to satisfy? Content theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory Reinforcement theory

Content theory

What theory suggests there are three universal needs (existence, relatedness, and growth) that constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior? ERG OSHA WARN SWOT

ERG

For motivation to be high, which of the following must also be high? (Choose every correct answer.) Expectancy Valence Performance Instrumentality

Expectancy Valence Instrumentality

______ rewards are given to people by the organization. Extrinsic Instrumental Valence Intrinsic

Extrinsic

In which theory do managers set goals for employees? Goal-setting Expectancy Profitability Learned needs

Goal-setting

Which motivation theory states that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end? Motivation theory Equity theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory

Goal-setting theory

Which kind of performance goal can be dysfunctional and create competition among team members? Individual Collective Group Horizontal

Individual

Equity theory states that people assess which key factors? (Choose every correct answer.) Instrumentality Inputs Outcomes Expectancy

Inputs Outcomes

Which of the following are characteristics of motivational goals? (Choose every correct answer.) Meaningful Challenging Specific Acceptable Routine

Meaningful Challenging Specific Acceptable

What refers to forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's effort? Expectancy Citizenship Goals Motivation

Motivation

What is job rotation? Moving workers from one task to another to alleviate boredom. Quitting a series of jobs and repeatedly moving on to another place of employment. Having two workers handle the same job, but during different shifts. Having workers take over the duties of employees who have been laid off.

Moving workers from one task to another to alleviate boredom.

The law of effect states that behavior will be repeated if it is followed by which kind of consequences? Specific Positive Negative Acceptable

Positive

Which three of the needs identified by McClelland are critical in motivating people? (Choose every correct answer.) Power Education Achievement Money Affiliation

Power Achievement Affiliation

What are the key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior? (Choose every correct answer.) Punishment Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Extinction

Punishment Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Extinction

To motivate high performance among employees, what should be rewarded? (Choose every correct answer.) Smart work instead of busy work Working alone instead of teamwork Loyalty instead of turnover Risk taking instead of risk avoiding

Smart work instead of busy work Loyalty instead of turnover Risk taking instead of risk avoiding

Which of the following is an example of offering feedback to employees? Giving a speech at the annual staff party. Weekly meetings to discuss each employee's goals and progress. Having lunch to socialize with employees every day. Discussing an employee with coworkers.

Weekly meetings to discuss each employee's goals and progress.

To set goals for yourself, create ______. job-search activities your own opportunities a detailed mission statement a statement of purpose

a statement of purpose

How a person's needs are or are not met at work will affect the person's ______. valence behavior on the job goal-setting ability extrinsic rewards

behavior on the job

Setting a goal to learn, rather than a goal to achieve a specific performance level, is appropriate when ______. employees lack ability or knowledge employees lack team experience employees are positioned to be cooperative employees need to be stretched

employees lack ability or knowledge

Sharing power with employees, and thus making them feel more confident and influential on the job, is called ______. self-motivation empowerment task identity positive reinforcement

empowerment

Increasing expectancies, identifying positively valent outcomes, and making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes are all managerial implications of _________. goal-setting theory ascribed-needs theory higher-needs theory expectancy theory

expectancy theory

Equity theory describes people's assessments of how ______. their needs are being met well they are meeting goals fairly they are treated likely they are to succeed

fairly they are treated

The five core job dimensions stated in the Hackman and Oldham model are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and ______. growth feedback development description

feedback

Forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's effort are referred to as ______.

motivation

A consequence that people receive for their actions is called a(n) ______. instrumentality outcome valence expectancy

outcome

Performance results in some kind of consequence, which is referred to as a(n) ______. outcome instrumentality expectancy valence

outcome

The four key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and ______. terminations strikes layoffs punishment

punishment

Herzberg's ______ theory describes categories that affect people at work. equity expectancy two-factor need

two-factor

What theory describes how a person's work efforts lead to a level of work performance? Expectancy Goal-setting Hierarchy of needs Reinforcement

Expectancy

Which theory suggests that effort leads to performance, which results in an outcome? ERG Expectancy Equity Goal-setting

Expectancy

Which theory organizes human needs into five major types in ascending order? McClelland's achievement theory Maslow's need hierarchy Herzberg's two-factor theory Alderfer's ERG theory

Maslow's need hierarchy

Mo Chou completed her latest work assignment early. If Mo Chou's boss would like her to repeat this behavior, what is the appropriate action according to the law of effect? Praise for her efforts Assigning unappealing tasks Increased supervision No response

Praise for her efforts

What set of perceptions do employees use to decide what they owe their employers and what their employers owe them? Psychological contract Ethical standard Performance-related belief Work environment evaluation

Psychological contract

What type of program aims at satisfying the full range of employee needs? Employee assistance Psychological contract Socially responsible Quality of work life

Quality of work life

______ programs create a workplace that enhances employee well-being and satisfaction. Employee assistance Quality of work life Constitutionalism Psychological contract

Quality of work life

If a person believes that his or her outcome-to-input ratio is lower than that of someone else, the person typically will ______. attempt to restore a balance feel fairly treated feel satisfied feel equitably treated

attempt to restore a balance

People's perceived likelihood that an effort will enable them to attain their performance goals is called ______. valance motivation instrumentality expectancy

expectancy

If an individual believes his or her outcome-to-input ratio is equivalent to someone else's ratio, the individual typically will ______. attempt to restore a balance feel satisfied feel dissatisfied feel inequitably treated

feel satisfied

People are more likely to support decisions and decision makers when they perceive ______. inequitable outcomes organizational commitment civil justice procedural fairness

procedural fairness

Using a fair process in decision making and making sure others know that the process was as fair as possible is called ______. utilitarianism quid pro quo harassment procedural justice administrative justice

procedural justice

A set of perceptions regarding what employees owe their employers and what the employers owe them is called a(n) ______. psychological contract quid pro quo moral violation ethical violation

psychological contract

A personal statement of purpose should include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) A mid-distant goal Near-term objectives An inspiring distant vision A financial statement

A mid-distant goal Near-term objectives An inspiring distant vision

With job ______, workers who spend all their time in one routine task can instead move from one task to another. design enrichment enlargement rotation

rotation

Managers in Japan and Greece tend to be motivated most by ______ needs. Multiple choice question. self-actualization power social needs affiliation security

security

Which of the following are ways to offer feedback to employees on their performance? (Choose every correct answer.) Asking customers for feedback that can be passed along to employees Giving regular, ongoing feedback Conducting performance reviews regularly Giving customers feedback on their purchases

Asking customers for feedback that can be passed along to employees Giving regular, ongoing feedback Conducting performance reviews regularly

What employee behaviors should NOT be rewarded, since they do not lead to high performance? (Check all that apply.) Avoiding risk Quick fixes Working together Mindless conformity

Avoiding risk Quick fixes Mindless conformity

When a workforce is dissatisfied, it is more likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics? (Choose every correct answer.) High productivity Bad customer service High absenteeism Poor mental health

Bad customer service High absenteeism Poor mental health

Goals should be which of the following? Challenging and attainable Empowering and fun Easy and specific Motivating and educational

Challenging and attainable

Stretch goals are targets that have which characteristics? Achievable and familiar Unrealistic and surprising Routine and expected Demanding and novel

Demanding and novel

What concept refers to the perceived likelihood that effort will enable the attainment of performance goals? Expectancy Outcomes Instrumentality Valance

Expectancy

What happens when employees feel empowered? (Choose every correct answer.) Groups of employees can experience a culture of empowerment that enhances work performance. They believe that they are influential contributors to the organization. Managers no longer need to ask for the employees' opinions or ideas. They feel more confident that they have the ability to perform their jobs.

Groups of employees can experience a culture of empowerment that enhances work performance. They believe that they are influential contributors to the organization. They feel more confident that they have the ability to perform their jobs.

Which of the following are characteristic of a dissatisfied workforce? (Choose every correct answer.) High turnover Strikes More injuries Few grievances

High turnover Strikes More injuries

Which of the following are options for restoring equity when people feel they are inequitably treated? (Choose every correct answer.) Increasing their outcomes Reducing their inputs Decreasing others' outcomes Decreasing others' inputs

Increasing their outcomes Reducing their inputs Decreasing others' outcomes

Which of the following are examples of extrinsic rewards? (Choose every correct answer.) Large office Benefits Sense of accomplishment Pay

Large office Benefits Pay

Which of the following is an option for people who wish to restore equity when feeling inequitably treated? Reducing their inputs Increasing the outcomes of others Decreasing the inputs of others Decreasing their outcomes

Reducing their inputs

Which three of the following are needs that managers in the United States care most strongly about? (Choose every correct answer.) Self-actualization Achievement Social Security Esteem

Self-actualization Achievement Esteem

Which one of the following is NOT a need in Maslow's hierarchy? Physiological Self-actualization Safety or security Self-reliance

Self-reliance

What core job dimensions are stated in the Hackman and Oldham model? (Choose every correct answer.) Task significance Task development Feedback Task identity Skill variety Autonomy

Task significance Feedback Task identity Skill variety Autonomy

Which conditions will make employees less motivated? (Choose every correct answer.) They believe that they can perform but that the outcome will not be forthcoming. They believe that they can't perform well enough to achieve the positive outcomes. They believe that they can perform, and they value the outcome. They believe that they can perform but do not value the outcome.

They believe that they can perform but that the outcome will not be forthcoming. They believe that they can't perform well enough to achieve the positive outcomes. They believe that they can perform but do not value the outcome.

Which of the following is a situation in which punishing employees would be inappropriate? When employees violate the law When their poor performance isn't their fault When employees behave in an unethical way When employees break important safety rules

When their poor performance isn't their fault

The expectancy theory states that increasing expectancies, making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes, and ______ are crucial to motivate employees. establishing a monetary reward system providing honest feedback identifying positively valent outcomes establishing annual performance appraisals

identifying positively valent outcomes

Punishment is sometimes appropriate when employees ______. (Choose every correct answer.) engage in whistleblowing ignore important safety rules violate standards of interpersonal treatment violate ethical standards

ignore important safety rules violate standards of interpersonal treatment violate ethical standards

The two types of stretch goals are ______. (Choose every correct answer.) vertical horizontal demanding attainable

vertical horizontal