chapter 11 sociology
Using the chart, indicate which statements accurately represent racial and ethnic differences in median household income over time.
Accurate statements -The racial/ethnic group with the lowest median household income has an income only slightly more than half of the group with the highest median household income. -The period of time with the strongest household income growth was 1995-2000.
Identify the following statements as primary reasons why residents of Ferguson, MO protested in the streets, or not.
a reason: -because of concern over institutional racism in the criminal justice system -because black teenager Michael Brown had been fatally shot by a white police officer
Amy Chua argues that there is a similar dynamic at play in ethnic conflicts such as Rwanda, Yugoslavia, and Indonesia. Identify the statement that describes this dynamic.
a small ethnic minority enjoys disproportionate economic power
Which of the following examples most clearly displays prejudice?
a white person believes that hispanics are dangerous, but doesn't act on this belief
What were the "black codes"?
laws limiting the rights of blacks in the south after the civil war
Place each racial/ethnic group on the correct bar in the graph indicating the percentage of college degrees attained for each group
left to right: whites, blacks, asians, hispanics
Identify the following as major immigrant groups in the United States since 1965, or not.
major group: -Latin America - south/ east Asia
Which of the following statements are true about the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments?
It gave preference to immigrants who sought entry into the United States for family reunification reasons. It ended the practice of giving preference to immigrants from northern and western Europe. It was partially responsible for the increasing racial and ethnic diversity of immigrants in the United States.
Which of the following statements are true about the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments?
true: -It gave preference to immigrants who sought entry into the United States for family reunification reasons. -It ended the practice of giving preference to immigrants from northern and western Europe. -It was partially responsible for the increasing racial and ethnic diversity of immigrants in the United States.
White privilege refers to the - assets that benefit whites in -.
unacknowledged, everyday life
Why is it important to consider the history of Western colonialism if we want to understand today's racial and ethnic divisions?
western colonialism created divisions between racial/ ethnic groups
Match each model of ethnic integration to its description.
- pluralism: Immigrant and the dominant group's cultures exist separately, but both participate in society. -multiculturalism: Immigrant and the dominant group's cultures exist separately, but both participate in society on an equal footing. - melting pot: Immigrants adopt some of the dominant group's culture, while the dominant culture is also altered by immigrants' influence. -assimilation: Immigrants come to adopt the attitudes and language of the dominant group.
According to the textbook and the following chart, identify the two reasons for the stagnation in Hispanics' median household income in the 2000s.
-Poor immigrant families entering the country drove down the median household income. -Hispanics are often stuck in low-level service jobs, which do not pay well.
Identify the following examples as representing scientific racism, or not.
-Scientific research is used to support racist assumptions. -Flawed or biased data is used in scientific studies to promote racism.
Racism is present in society in many ways. White privilege allows whites to enjoy racial privilege without even realizing it. The routine practices of college admission contribute to racially unequal outcomes. Blacks who live in extremely segregated areas experience the effects of racism even if they do not interact with white people directly. President Trump began his presidential campaign by referring to Mexican migrants as rapists and criminals. The "Unite the Right" rally promoted the superiority of whites.
-promoted the superiority of whites. -referring to Mexican migrants as rapists and criminals.
Match the concept with the sociological research question it best fits.
-racial micro-aggression: What is it like for black people when whites ask to touch their hair? -white privilege: Why do white people mostly befriend other white people? - institutional racism: How do the routine practices of police departments produce unfair outcomes for blacks?
Racism occurs in many ways in contemporary society. Viewing Asians as especially intelligent, for example, is a positive attribution, but still a racist one. Blaming black males for sexual violence misrepresents actual crime data, and prevents society from addressing the problem appropriately. Whites often enjoy privilege that they don't even see or acknowledge. A final example of racism is blaming immigrants for downturns in the economy. Show Clickable Areas
-blaming immigrants for downturns in the economy. - Blaming black males for sexual violence
Match each term representing a form of racial bias to its definition.
-institutional racism: patterns of racial discrimination that have become structured into existing social institutions -stereotyping: thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories - prejudice: holding preconceived ideas about an individual or group, ideas that are resistant to change even in the face of new information - racism: the attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population that shares inherited physical characteristics - discrimination: behavior that denies to the members of a particular group resources or rewards that can be obtained by others
Match each concept with the example it best fits.
-white privilege: A white person purchases band-aids that match his skin color. -discrimination: refusing to hire an Irish American because she is likely to be an alcoholic -prejudice: the belief that Jews are greedy and stingy with money -institutional racism: During Jim Crow segregation, it was legal to separate the races in schools
Match the racial/ethnic group to the statement that describes it.
-white: declining as a percentage of total population -hispanic: most rapidly growing group, as a percentage of total population - asian: growing significantly since a notable period of immigration in the 1970s - black: fairly steady in population from 1900 to 2050 - Native American: in the recent past and near future, not likely to constitute even 10 percent of the U.S. population
The twentieth century was a time of major change in race relations for black and white Americans. Based on your knowledge of civil rights history, place the following events in chronological order.
1. founding of the NAACP 2. brown v. board of Topeka, kansas 3. the Montgomery bus boycott 4. mlk led the march on Washington 5. the civil rights act was signed into law
Peggy McIntosh's metaphor of the "invisible knapsack" refers to the burden of hate that intentionally racist white people carry.
False
- Americans typically have lower levels of economic well-being and educational attainment than the U.S. population, while - Americans are relatively advantaged immigrants.
Mexican, Cuban
George Borjas argued that immigrants have a net negative effect on U.S. society, whereas Julian Simon saw either a positive effect or no effect from immigrants. Identify the statements that support either Borjas's or Simon's position.
Simon -Immigrant children benefit from the education system and then often go on to become productive workers. -Immigrant labor contributes to the gross domestic product. Borjas -Immigrants increase the number of workers in the labor market. -Recent immigrants to the United States have low levels of education and skill.
Which group fits the sociological definition of a minority group?
Spanish speakers in the US
Why do sociologists analyze and critique U.S. Census categories for race and ethnicity?
because they are the official categories and counts used by the federal government
Which concept emerged from the work of sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva?
color blindness
According to the textbook, which of the following factors contributed to the rise of racism?
correct -exploitive relations between Europeans and those whose lands they settled -the invention of race as an inheritable and naturally hierarchical trait -preexisting notions about the meaning of "white" and "black" as symbols of good and evil
Based on the racial categorizations of people living in these countries, which of the following statements best represents variation in racial and ethnic identification across countries?
countries base racial and ethnic categorization on different traits, including skin color, cultural group membership, regional origin, and religion
There remains a black-white gap in life expectancy, and this gap has - in recent years. This is, in part, due to greater decreases in death rates for blacks for -, cancer, and HIV.
decreased, heart disease
Two forms of group closure that have been used to isolate ethnic groups are -, which spurs the mass exodus of a minority ethnic group through threats and violent intimidation, and -, a practice whereby racial and ethnic groups are kept physically separate by law.
ethnic cleansing, segregation
When people moved, mostly voluntarily, from - to North America, this established the colonial population, the descendants of whom still live in North America. In a similar movement, of mostly voluntary migration, Europeans also moved to - at the rate of about 50 million. When Europeans moved to Africa, most settled in -. The greatest involuntary movement of migrants was from - to the Americas, which established New World slavery.
europe, central and South America, south africa, Africa
A minority group is smaller in number than a majority group (e.g., Asians are a minority group in the United States, at about 5 percent of the population, compared to whites, who comprise about 63 percent of the population).
false
Color-blind racism refers to the fact that people of any race can be racist.
false
Emigration and immigration are synonyms (that is, they have the same meaning).
false
Residential segregation has declined considerably over the past 25 years.
false
Identify the following statements about the photograph as related to the concept of race, or ethnicity.
race -These boys represent a South African scale of black, Indian, half-caste, and white. -These boys look different from one another because their genes fall into different genetic categories. ethnicity -Despite different appearances, these boys are all citizens of South Africa. -These boys are school friends who speak the same language.
Although interrelated terms, - refers to a classification system that ranks people according to physical characteristics, whereas - refers to an identity based on shared cultural values and norms.
race, ethnicity
If this person were described as "black" that would be a(n) - category. If this person were described as "West Indian" that would be a(n) - category.
racial, ethnic
Identify the following negative statements as expressions of racism, or not.
racism -in apartheid South Africa, believing that black males were sexually dangerous to white women -believing that white people are superior to other groups, but not acting on this belief
A white applicant who was rejected by a prestigious university argues that she was not admitted because racial minorities were given special advantages in the application process. What term would be used to characterize her argument?
scapegoating
Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II?
the Japanese families assimilation into us society accelerated after the war
Why does Amy Chua argue that democracy and a free market would not solve the problem of ethnic conflicts?
the introduction of democracy may trigger a backlash from a country's ethnic majority
What do unemployment statistics, such as the unemployment rate, measure?
the percentage of people out of a population who have no job and are looking for work
A positive stereotype can still be racist.
true
In biological terms, there are no clear-cut races.
true
