Chapter 11 Study Guide
A female engineer in the United States can expect to earn ______ less per year than a male engineer.
$17,000
Divorced women in the United States are ______ likely to remarry than divorced men.
60 percent less
Arranged marriages are quite common in this country.
India
Many people in this country likely view marriage as the only acceptable life path.
Iran
Which statement BEST describes motherhood? -A mother's happiness depends on her partner's sensitivity. -It involves intense emotional ups and downs -It is a joyous experience. -It is a calming experience.
It involves intense emotional ups and downs
_____ admit to having a favorite child. -Fathers, but not mothers, -Few mothers -No mothers -Many mothers
Many mothers
Which of the following is NOT true about stepfathers' relationships with their stepchildren? -Stepchildren often bring a lot of joy to their stepfathers. -Children may initially resent stepfathers for "replacing" their biological fathers. -Some men worry about getting into a relationship with a woman who already has children. -No matter how long a stepfather and stepchild live together, it is unlikely that the stepfather will be seen as a "real" dad.
No matter how long a stepfather and stepchild live together, it is unlikely that the stepfather will be seen as a "real" dad.
_____ has become one masculine ideal.
Nurturer father
In what nation would unmarried motherhood be MOST common?
Scandinavia
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of happy elderly couples? -They fight less than younger couples. -They idealize their partners. -They relate to one another in kinder, less combative ways. -They are distressed when they experience the disabilities of old age.
They are distressed when they experience the disabilities of old age.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of happy elderly couples? 7 -They relate to one another in kinder, less combative ways. -They idealize their partners. -They fight less than younger couples. -They are distressed when they experience the disabilities of old age.
They are distressed when they experience the disabilities of old age.
Which statement about happy couples is false? -They avoid a "demand-withdrawal pattern" of relating. -They personalize their conflicts. -They have a high ratio of positive to negative comments. -They can have angry conflicts.
They personalize their conflicts.
The most common pathway of marital happiness in the West, in which satisfaction is highest at the honeymoon, declines during the child-rearing years, then rises after the children grow up.
U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction
The tendency for marriages to get happier when the children leave the nest is called the:
U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction.
Which statement about women's career paths is false? -Women see their careers as secondary to their spouses' careers. -Women have more continuous careers than men. -Women move in and out of the workforce to care for family members. -Most women work in traditionally female careers.
Women have more continuous careers than men.
Jonah has a loving relationship with his wife of 20 years. Jonah probably has all of these qualities EXCEPT: -the ability to forgive. -a commitment to his partner's inner growth. -the willingness to sacrifice for his spouse. -a tendency to take negative comments personally.
a tendency to take negative comments personally.
Jonah has a loving relationship with his wife of 20 years. Jonah probably has all of these qualities EXCEPT: -the willingness to sacrifice for his spouse. -a commitment to his partner's inner growth. -a tendency to take negative comments personally. -the ability to forgive.
a tendency to take negative comments personally.
In the twenty-first century, the traditional stable career is:
atypical
During the transition to parenthood, the majority of couples:
become less happy with one another.
The world portrays motherhood as:
blissful and unrealistically positive.
Georgio changes jobs after about four years in each position. Georgio has a(n) _____ career path.
boundaryless
Today's most common career path for Western workers, in which people change jobs or professions periodically during their working lives.
boundaryless
Traditional concept that a man's job is to support a wife and children.
breadwinner role
When women work, they spend less time: -engaging in child cognition-stimulating activities. -eating. -cleaning the house and being with their spouse. -with their children.
cleaning the house and being with their spouse.
According to the triangular theory of love, when a couple has passion, intimacy, and commitment, that couple has _____ love.
consummate
In Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the ideal form of love, in which a couple's relationship involves all three of the major facets of love: passion, intimacy, and commitment.
consummate love
Richard likes to manipulate data and organize things. His friends often ask him to help them organize their finances and paperwork for taxes. Richard is considering a career as an accountant, which would fit with Holland's personality type known as:
conventional
The combination of passion, commitment, and intimacy, which is called consummate love, tends to _____ over time.
decline
Fertility rates in affluent regions of the world are:
declining.
Rachel and Geoffrey are new parents. If they are like MOST couples, their marital happiness will _____ after this life change.
decrease
The decline in marriage and the emergence of alternate family forms during the last third of the twentieth century.
deinstitutionalization of marriage
According to Gottman's research, when the ratio of positive to negative interactions between spouses is less than 5 to 1, the risk of _____ is high.
divorce
Compared to middle-aged couples, _____ spouses argue less often.
elderly
Work that is motivated by reinforcers such as prestige or a high salary is performed for _____ rewards.
extrinsic career
Work that is performed for external reinforcers, such as pay.
extrinsic career rewards
In contemporary society, who is expected to take the MOST responsibility for a child's care?
females
The average number of children a woman in a given country has during her lifetime.
fertility rates
About one in _____ marriages in the United States occur between previously divorced partners.
four
Women are more likely than men to:
have lower-paying jobs.
When is it better for one to divorce than to remain married?
if one is genuinely miserable with one's mate
The amount of time contemporary mothers spend teaching and playing with their children has _____ since the 1960s.
increased
In the United States, the number of children born outside of marriage has _____ between 1950 and today.
increased significantly
Work that provides fulfillment and allows a worker to satisfy his or her needs for creativity and autonomy has _____ rewards.
intrinsic career
Work that provides inner fulfillment and allows people to satisfy their needs for creativity, autonomy, and relatedness.
intrinsic career rewards
According to Holland, the six personality types are:
investigative, artistic, social, entrepreneurial, conventional, and realistic.
If a middle-aged woman is highly educated, she:
is more apt to have high earnings if she was happy and had high self-efficacy as a teenager.
What is the main advantage of a traditional stable career?
job security
Marcia is a 72-year-old woman who chose to never have a child. Based on research cited in the text, Marcia is likely to report being _____ her peers who are parents. -less happy than -more happy than -more fearful of the future than -just as happy as
just as happy as
Parenthood tends to produce traditional marital roles, which can:
lead to conflicts related to marital equity.
Statistically speaking, full-time working women typically earn _____ full-time working men.
less than
The deinstitutionalization of marriage was an outcome of the:
lifestyle revolution of the 1960s.
What research technique do developmental scientists use to see how becoming a parent affects a marriage?
longitudinal studies
In national surveys, mothers of young children report _____ day-to-day happiness compared to women who are NOT parents or empty-nesters.
lower
If a relationship lacks _____, with one partner doing significantly more than the other, the outcome is typically marital dissatisfaction.
marital equity
Today, the typical full-time worker works _____ a 40-hour week.
more than
Who tends to get blamed for how children turn out?
mothers
Often women exit the workforce or work part time because they:
must care for elderly parents.
Husband who actively participates in hands-on child care.
nurturer father
Today, U.S. society expects fathers to be:
nurturers, breadwinners, and good role models.
The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs and career paths is called:
occupational segragation
Jerry is a chemist, and his wife is an administrative assistant at the local university. Their career profile embodies:
occupational segregation
The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs.
occupational segregation
Scandinavian adults view marriage as:
one of several acceptable alternatives.
A worker experiences role _____ when that person has too much work to do a good job.
overload
Rhonda's coworker just quit, and her boss is spreading out the responsibilities of the lost position to the remaining workers. Rhonda, already swamped with her own work, is at risk of experiencing role:
overload
The three components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love are:
passion, intimacy, and commitment.
According to John Holland's classic theory, the key to finding career fulfillment is matching one's job to one's:
personality.
A situation in which a person is torn between two or more major responsibilities—for instance, parent and worker—and cannot do either job adequately.
role conflict
A job situation that places so many requirements or demands on workers that it becomes impossible to do a good job.
role overload
After having dated for two years, Kathryn and James know each other well. They both feel passionate about each other but are not ready to commit to marriage. Sternberg would describe this couple as experiencing _____ love.
romantic
Living sequentially with different partners outside of marriage.
serial cohabitation
This is living with different partners sequentially during adult life.
serial cohabitation
To rekindle marital romance, spouses might:
share flow states with their partners.
What is the greatest barrier that keeps dads from being fully involved in child care?
society's view that men should be breadwinners
According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction, marriages are happiest when:
the couple is honeymooning or has an empty nest.
A career path in which people settle into their permanent life's work in their twenties and often stay with the same organization until they retire.
traditional stable career
Robert Sternberg's categorization of love relationships into three facets: passion, intimacy, and commitment. When arranged at the points of a triangle, their combinations describe all the different kinds of adult love relationships.
triangular theory of love
Despite being pleased about the birth of her son, Grace describes her day-to-day happiness as a new mother to be at an all-time low. Grace's experience is:
typical
Which factor does NOT influence the extent of a dad's hands-on care of children? -whether he is upper middle class -if his wife derides his child care or acts jealously when he takes an active role -whether he is unemployed or works less hours than his wife -whether he has traditional views of women's roles
whether he is upper middle class
A situation in which people feel a perfect balance, energized and happy at work and fulfilled with other aspects of their lives.
work-life balance
