Chapter 11 Teams: Characteristics and Diversity

What is the relationship between Task Interdependence and Team Performance? What about Team Commitment?

Task Interdependence has a moderate positive effect on Team Performance. Has a weak relationship with Team Commitment.

What are virtual teams?

Teams in which the members are geographically dispersed, and interdependent activity occurs through electronic communications

What are the three types of tasks associated with Member Ability?

1. Disjunctive Tasks: tasks where the member with the who possesses the highest level of the ability relevant to the task will have the most influence on the effectiveness of the team. 2. Conjunctive Tasks: Tasks where the team's performance depends on the abilities of the "weakest link" 3. Additive Tasks: Contributions resulting from the abilities of every member add up to determine team performance

What are the five stages of team progression?

1. Forming: members orient themselves by trying to understand their boundaries in the team 2. Storming: members remain committed to ideas they bring with them to the team 3. Norming: members realize that they need to work together to accomplish team goals, and consequently, they begin to cooperate with one another 4. Performing: members are comfortable working within their roles, and the team makes progress toward goals. 5. Adjourning: members experience anxiety and other emotions as they disengage and ultimately separate from the team

What are the five aspects of Team Composition?

1. Member Roles: a pattern of behavior that a person is expected to display in a given context 2. Member Ability: Team members possess a wide variety of abilities 3. Member Personality: Team members also possess a wide variety of personality traits 4. Diversity: refers to degree to which members are different from one another in terms of any attribute that might be used by someone as a basis of categorize people. 5. Team Size

What are the four types of Task Interdependence?

1. Pooled Interdependence: group members complete their work assignments independently, and this work is piled up to represent the group's output 2. Sequential Interdependence: Different tasks are done in a prescribed order, and the group is structured such that the members specialize in these tasks. 3. Reciprocal Interdependence: Members are specialized to perform specific tasks. 4. Comprehensive Interdependence: team members have a great deal of discretion in terms of what they do and with whom they interact in the course of the collaboration involved in accomplishing the team's work

What are the two types of diversity?

1. Surface-level diversity: refers to diversity regarding observable attributes such as race, sex, ethnicity, and age. 2. Deep-level diversity: refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience

What are the three types of Team Interdependence?

1. Task Interdependence: refers to degree to which team members interact with and rely on other team members for the information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team. 2. Goal Interdependence: refers to team members having a shared vision of the team's goal and aligning their individual goals with that vision as a result. 3. Outcome Interdependence: exists when team members share in the rewards that the team earns, with reward examples including pay, bonuses, formal feedback and recognition, pats on the back extra time off, and continued team survival.

What are the two aspects of team effectiveness?

1. Team Performance: includes metrics such as the quantity and quality of goods or services produced, customer satisfaction, the effectiveness or accuracy of decisions, victories, completed reports, and successful investigations. 2. Team Viability: refers to the likelihood that the team can work together effectively into the future.

What are the three types of Member Roles?

1. Team Task Roles: refer to behaviors that directly facilitate the accomplishment of team tasks 2. Team-Building Roles: refer to behaviors that influence the quality of the team's social climate. 3. Individualistic Roles: reflect behaviors that benefit the individual at the expense of the team

What are the two theories pertaining to diversity?

1. Value in diversity problem solving approach: diversity in teams is beneficial because it provides for a larger pool of knowledge and perspectives from which a team can draw as it carries out its work. 2. Similarity-attraction approach: people tend to be more attracted to others who are perceived as more similar.

What are the five Team Types?

1. Work teams: designed to be permanent, require full time commitment from their members 2. Management teams: also permanent; however, they participate in managerial level tasks that affect the entire organization 3. Parallel teams: composed of members from various jobs who provide recommendations to managers about important issues that run "parallel" to the organization's production process. Requires part time commitment 4. Project teams: formed to take on "one-time" tasks that are generally complex and require a lot of input from members with different types of training and expertise. 5. Action teams: perform tasks that are normally limited in duration, tasks can be complex and challenging

What is Punctuated Equilibrium?

Members make assumptions and establish a pattern of behavior that lasts for the first half of its life, this pattern dominates the team's behavior as it settles into a sort of inertia. At midway point, members change their task paradigm fundamentally to complete it on time

What is Hybrid Outcome Interdependence?

Members receive rewards that are dependent on both their team's performance and how well they perform as individuals.