Chapter 11 the endocrine system
Thyroxine (T4)
Lethargy, falling hair, low basal metabolic rate obesity (myxedema in the adult)
ADH
hypothalamic hormone important in regulating water balance
Progesterone
Miscarriage
Prostaglandins
A group of compounds with powerful hormone lik effects
Testosterone
Abnormal hairiness; masculinization
Growth hormone
Abnormally large stature, relatively normal body proportions
Growth hormone
Abnormally small stature, normal proportions
Glucagon
Acts antagonistically to insulin; produced by the same organ
Aldosterone
Adrenal cortex hormone involed in regulating salt levels of body fluids
PTH
Mos timportant hormone regulating the amount of calcium circulating in the blood;released when blood calcium levels drop
Negative feedback
Most common form of feedback in the endocrine system
Glucocorticoid
Any of several hormones that's the adrenal cortex secretes that affects carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism
Thyroxine (T4)
Basal metabolic hormone
Thyroxine (T4)
Bulging eyeballs, nervousness, increased pulse rate, weight loss (Graves' disease)
Target tissue
Cell with specific receptors on which a hormone exerts its effect
Thyroxine (T4)
Cretinism; a type of dwarfism in which the individual retains childlike proportions and is mental retarded
Aldosterone
Cushing syndrome- moon face, depression of the immune system
PTH
Demineralization of bones; spontaneous fractures
Estrogen and Progesterone
Directly regulate the menstrual or uterine cycle (2)
Prolactin
Necessary for milk production
Insulin
Necessary if glucose is to be taken up by body cells
Positive feedback
Effects of the stimuli are designed to amplify the results
Insulin
Excessive thirst, high blood glucose levels, acidosis
ADH
Excessive urination without high blood glucose levels; causes dehydration and tremendous thirst
Thyroxine (T4)
Goiter
Cortisone
Helps to protect the body during long term stressful situations such as extended illness and surgery
Mineralocorticoid
Hormone that adrenal cortex secretes that affects electrolyte concentrations in the body fluid
Tropic hormone
Hormone that influences secretions from the adrenal cortex
Releasing hormones
Hormones that are released from the hypothalamus that's trigger the release of the hormones in the anterior pituitary gland
Growth hormone
Lantern jaw; large hands and feet (acromegaly in adults)
Circadian rhythm
Pattern of repeated behaviors associated with cycles of night and day
Thymosin
Programs T lymphocytes
FSH and LH
Regulate the ovarian cycle (2)
Negative feedback
Regulated by opposing hormones. One hormone may raise the level of a particular chemical or action while the other hormone lowers the level of the chemical or action
Endocrine gland
Secretes hormones directly into blood
FSH or LH
Sexual immaturity
Epinephrine
Short term stress hormone; AIDS in fight or flight response; increases blood pressure and heart rate, for example
Hormone
Substance secreted by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood which has target tissue. They are also chemical messengers that act on target cells (or organs)
Diuretic
Substance that's promotes urine production
Positive feedback
The release of the hormone or the activity causes an increase in the production of the hormone
Negative feedback
The rise in blood glucose levels triggers the pancreatic release of insulin. Insulin causes blood glucose levels to drop, which signals the pancreas to stop producing insulin
LH, ACTH, FSH, TSH
Tropic hormones (4)
Negative feedback
Used to maintain homeostasis