CHAPTER 11: The Peculiar Institution

In 1850, a majority of southern slaveholders owned how many slaves?

1 to 5

Historians estimate that approximately __________slaves per year escaped to the North or Canada.

1,000

In 1860, what percentage of southern white families were in the slaveowning class?

25 percent.

The U.S. slave population by 1860 was approximately:

4 million.

On the eve of the Civil War, approximately how much of the world's cotton supply came from the southern United States?

75 percent

Which statement about Nat Turner's Rebellion is true?

Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion.

Which state had the least amount of free blacks?

Mississippi

Which of the following stories did NOT play a central role in black Christianity?

Noah and the ark

The end of slavery in most Latin American nations:

involved gradual emancipation accompanied by recognition of owners' legal rights to slave property.

Nat Turner

led a "successful" slave rebellion in Virginia

The slave rebellion aboard the Amistad:

led to a Supreme Court decision freeing the slaves.

overseer

managed slaves in the field

Urban slaves:

most often were domestic servants.

Which of the following is NOT true of the South and its economy in the period from 1800 to 1860?

The South produced nearly two-fifths of the nation's manufactured goods, especially cotton textiles.

The internal slave trade in the United States involved the movement of hundreds of thousands of enslaved persons from:

older states like Virginia to the Lower South.

John C. Calhoun

outspoken proslavery politician

On the plantation, the white employee in charge of ensuring a profitable crop for the plantation master was called the:

overseer.

To qualify as a member of the planter class, a person had to be engaged in southern agriculture and:

own at least twenty slaves.

Free blacks in the South were allowed to:

own property.

Harriet Tubman

part of an organization helping slaves escape to the North

silent sabotage

poor work and breakage of tools

Denmark Vesey's conspiracy:

reflected a combination of American and African influences.

In the South, the paternalist ethos:

reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him.

From 1840 to 1860, the price of a "prime field hand":

rose about 80 percent, which made it harder for southern whites to enter the slaveholding class.

Denmark Vesey

slave executed for conspiracy

Celia

slave executed for killing her master

Second Middle Passage

slave trade within the United States

peculiar institution

slavery

Frederick Douglass argued that:

slaves were truer to the principles of the Declaration of Independence than were most white Americans.

All of the following statements are true of the work done by southern slaves EXCEPT:

slaves worked exclusively as agricultural field hands and house servants.

Compared to slave revolts in Brazil and in the West Indies, slave revolts in the United States were:

smaller in scale and less frequent.

Free blacks in the United States:

sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves.

Solomon Northup

southern editor

Andrew Johnson

southern politician who spoke against the slavocracy

Underground Railroad

system to help slaves escape to the North

Which event is credited with helping to ingrain the paternalist ethos more deeply into the lives of southern slaveholders?

the closing of the African slave trade

Defenders of American slavery claimed that British emancipation in the 1830s had been a failure because:

the freed slaves grew less sugarcane, which hurt the economy of the Caribbean.

The plantation masters had many means to maintain order among their slaves. According to the text, what was the most powerful weapon the plantation masters had?

the threat of sale

paternalism

treating slaves in a fatherly manner

Brer Rabbit

trickster tale

What did the Reverend Charles C. Jones of Georgia NOT do?

urge an end to slavery

Harriet Tubman:

was a fugitive slave who risked her life many times to bring others out of slavery.

Slave families:

were headed by women more frequently than were white families.

gang labor

working in the fields side-by-side

Which of the following was NOT true of the South and slavery in nineteenth-century America?

In the South as a whole, slaves made up only 10 percent of the population.

What was the name of the vibrant community of former slaves freed by Virginian Richard Randolph?

Israel Hill

Who said that the language in the Declaration of Independence—that all men were created equal and entitled to liberty—was "the most false and dangerous of all political errors"?

John C. Calhoun

In an 1840 letter written from Canada, fugitive slave Joseph Taper asked for divine blessings upon:

Queen Victoria.

Which of the following is a true statement relative to the Upper South and the Deep South?

Several Upper South states did not join the Confederacy at the time of the Civil War.

Which of the following statements about slavery and the law is true?

Slaves accused of serious crimes were entitled to their day in court, although they faced all-white judges and juries.

What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North?

Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North.

Why did southern slaves live in better conditions by the mid-nineteenth century than those in the Caribbean and South America?

The rising value of slaves made it profitable for slaveowners to take better care of them.

J.D.B DeBow

Twelve Years a Slave

Which of the following statements about religious life among African-Americans in southern cities is true?

Urban free blacks sometimes formed their own churches.

After an 1831 slave rebellion, which state's legislature debated, but did not approve, a plan for gradual emancipation of slaves in that state?

Virginia

"Silent sabotage" can be defined as when slaves:

did poor work and broke tools.

While the North emphasized egalitarianism, the South stressed:

a code of honor.

Jumping over a broomstick was a ceremony celebrating:

a slave marriage.

Celia was:

a slave tried for killing her master while resisting a sexual assault.

John C. Calhoun and George Fitzhugh:

agreed that slavery was not a necessary evil but something actually positive and good.

Task labor:

allowed slaves to take on daily jobs, set their own pace, and work on their own when they were done.

Andrew Johnson of Tennessee and Joseph Brown of Georgia rose to political power:

as self-proclaimed spokesmen of the common man against the great planters.

The relationship between rich southern planters and poor southern farmers:

benefited in part from a sense of unity bred by criticism from outsiders.

Mason-Dixon Line

boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland

The Brer Rabbit stories of slave folklore:

celebrated how the weak could outsmart the more powerful.

By the late 1830s, the South's proslavery argument:

claimed that slavery was essential to human economic and cultural progress.

Slave religion:

combined African traditions and Christian beliefs.

Israel Hill

community of freed Virginian slaves

In the nineteenth century, which product was the world's major crop produced by slave labor?

cotton

white gold

cotton

Gender roles under slavery:

differed from those of white society because men and women alike suffered a sense of powerlessness.

George Fitzhugh

defended slavery as a natural part of hierarchical society

The term "Lords of the Loom" refers to:

early New England factory owners.

Frederick Douglas

escaped slave who led abolitionist movement

John Quincy Adams

favored returning the slaves of the Amistad to Africa

Martin Van Buren

favored returning the slaves of the Amistad to Cuba

Fugitive slaves:

generally understood that the North Star led to freedom.

Southern farmers in the backcountry:

generally worked the land using family labor.

Yeoman farmers

had one or two, if any, slaves