Chapter 11- Urinary System
Which of the following is considered a secondary or additional function of the urinary system? A. synthesis of vitamin D B. excretion of metabolic wastes C. secretion of hormones D. maintenance of acid-base balance E. maintenance of water-salt balance
a
Which of the following is not a region of the kidney? A. hypothalamus D. pelvis B. cortex E. collecting ducts C. medulla
a
Which of the following organs of the urinary system is the storage area for urine? A. bladder D. renal pelvis B. kidney E. urethra C. ureter
a
Which of the following particles are not filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus? A. plasma proteins D. salts B. water E. nutrients C. nitrogenous wastes
a
Which substance is removed from the blood during tubular secretion? A. H+ D. water B. Na+ E. Cl- C. Aldosterone
a
Why do some people not drink beverages with caffeine right before bedtime? A. It increases the flow of urine and causes you to go to the bathroom during the night. B. It decreases the flow of urine and can cause kidney stones. C. It may affect the ability to sleep but caffeine has very little effect on the urinary system. D. It can cause a headache if consumed late at night. E. It can lead to diarrhea.
a
. List the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order. 1. tubular secretion; 2. tubular reabsorption; 3. glomerular filtration A. 1,2,3 D. 2,3,1 B. 3,2,1 E. 2,1,3 C. 1,3,2
b
How is penicillin removed from the blood? A. glomerular filtration B. tubular secretion C. tubular reabsorption D. phagocytosis E. passive transport
b
If you do not drink enough water, which hormone will the hypothalamus produce to regulate urine production? A. renin D. aldosterone B. ADH E. diuretics C. ANH
b
The inner medulla of the kidney is ____________ to the loop of Henle and therefore water leaves the loop at the descending limb and collecting duct. A. isotonic D. balanced B. hypertonic E. none of these. C. hypotonic
b
What is the normal pH of blood? A. neutral D. extremely basic B. slightly basic E. extremely acidic C. slightly acidic
b
Which of the following is not a metabolic waste product? A. urea D. creatinine B. erythropoietin E. uric acid C. ammonia
b
Which of the hormones involved in the regulation of water-salt balance is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus? A. aldosterone D. ANH B. renin E. testosterone C. ADH
b
Why do water and small molecules move from the glomerulus into the filtrate? A. diffusion down the concentration gradient B. glomerular blood pressure C. active transport D. secretion E. diffusion against the concentration gradient
b
. While glucose is filtered out at the glomerulus, none is excreted in the urine. What happens to the glucose? A. It is reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubule. B. It is secreted at the proximal convoluted tubule. C. It is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. D. It is secreted at the distal convoluted tubule. E. It is reabsorbed from the collecting duct.
c
How many openings (inputs and outputs) are there in the urinary bladder? A. one D. four B. two E. five C. three
c
If your blood pressure is high because of increased blood volume, what hormone will correct this? A. renin D. aldosterone B. ADH E. testosterone C. ANH
c
What is one of the earliest signs of nephron damage? A. burning upon urination B. extreme pain C. albumin or formed elements in the urine D. the absence of urination E. edema
c
Which molecule is secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules? A. water D. nutrients B. salt E. plasma proteins C. H+
c
Which of the following is not part of a nephron? A. glomerular capsule B. proximal convoluted tubule C. loop of Henle D. collecting duct E. ureter
e
Which part of the nephron contains podocytes? A. distal convoluted tubule B. proximal convoluted tubule C. ascending limb of loop D. descending limb of loop E. glomerular capsule
e
Which molecule is reabsorbed less than 50% during tubular reabsorption? A. urea D. glucose B. water E. amino acids C. sodium
a
What effect does ANH have on renin? A. it inhibits its secretion B. it inhibits its production C. it promotes its secretion D. it promotes its production E. it produces additional hormones that accelerate the production of renin
a
What is an infection of the urinary bladder called? A. cystitis D. hemodialysis B. urethritis E. uremia C. pyelonephritis
a
Why does urine have an acidic pH? A. The kidneys filter and excrete H+ from the blood. B. The kidneys produce H+ in the process of filtering the blood. C. The blood has an acidic pH and the kidneys produce urine similar to the pH of the blood. D. There is a high concentration of HCl acid in the urine producing an acidic substance. E. The kidneys absorb H+ ions and excrete bicarbonate ions.
a
In CAPD, what serves as the dialysis membrane? A. the walls of the blood vessels B. a filter inside the instrument C. the kidneys themselves D. the peritoneum E. the pleural membrane
d
The renal pelvis is continuous with the A. renal cortex. D. ureter. B. bladder. E. nephrons. C. urethra.
d
What hormones regulate the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule? A. creatinine and renin B. renin and aquaporin C. aquaporin and aldosterone D. aldosterone and renin E. creatinine and aldosterone
d
What is located within the glomerular capsule? A. the renal cortex B. the loop of Henle C. several collecting ducts D. a knot of capillaries E. the peritubular capillary network
d
Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system? A. excretion of metabolic wastes B. maintenance of water-salt balance C. maintenance of acid-base balance D. maintenance of blood glucose levels E. secretion of hormones
d
Why does glucose appear in the urine of a diabetic? A. The volume of urine is too great to filter. B. No glucose is filtered into the glomerular filtrate. C. The kidneys produce glucose in diabetes. D. The carriers for glucose reabsorption reach their maximum rate of transport. E. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle secretes glucose into the urine.
d