Chapter 11.1 Medterm Quiz

Which of the following statements regarding endocrine glands is NOT true? Hormones are chemicals that act on their target organs. The endocrine system is a collection of glands. The endocrine system is instrumental in maintaining homeostasis. Endocrine glands secrete hormones into ducts.

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into ducts. BECAUSE: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, not ducts. The other statements are true.

Which of the following statements regarding glands is NOT true? Sweat glands are an example of exocrine glands. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands are also referred to as ductless glands. Exocrine glands release their secretions into a duct to the outside of the body.

Exocrine glands are also referred to as ductless glands. BECAUSE: Endocrine, not exocrine, glands are also referred to as ductless glands.

Dwarfism is a congenital lack of thyroid hormones and may result in arrested physical and mental development.

False

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into ducts.

False

Pheochromocytoma is usually a cancerous tumor of the adrenal medulla.

False

The term hypopituitarinism is spelled correctly.

False

The thymus gland uses iodine in the production of its hormones.

False

Which of the following terms means excessive calcium in the blood? hypoglycemia hyperkalemia hyponatremia hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia BECAUSE: Hyper- means excessive, calc/o means calcium, and -emia means blood condition; therefore, hypercalcemia means excessive calcium in the blood. Hypo- means insufficient and natr/o means sodium, so hyponatremia means insufficient sodium in the blood. Kal/i means potassium; thus, hyperkalemia means excessive potassium in the blood. Glyc/o means sugar; hence, hypoglycemia means insufficient sugar in the blood.

Which of the following statements regarding insulin is NOT true? Insulin is most active after you have eaten a meal. Insulin reduces blood sugar levels. Insulin stimulates the cells of the body to take in glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas.

Insulin is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. BECAUSE: Insulin is secreted by the beta, not alpha, cells of the pancreas. The other statements are true.

Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is NOT true? The pancreas releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum. The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon. The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. The islets of Langerhans are the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

The islets of Langerhans are the exocrine portion of the pancreas. BECAUSE: The islets of Langerhans are the endocrine, not exocrine, portion of the pancreas. The other statements are true.

A chemical thyroidectomy is a nonsurgical procedure.

True

A protein-bound iodine test is used to measure thyroid function.

True

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune form of thyroiditis.

True

TSH is the abbreviation for one of the pituitary gland hormones.

True

The pancreas is a unique organ because it is both an exocrine and endocrine gland.

True

The adrenal gland is divided into: a medulla and cortex. anterior and posterior lobes. right and left lobes. inferior and superior sections.

a medulla and cortex. BECAUSE: The adrenal gland is divided into a medulla and cortex. The pituitary gland is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. The thymus and thyroid gland are divided into right and left lobes. None of the exocrine glands have inferior and superior sections.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? adrenocorticotropic hormone—targets adrenal medulla thyroid-stimulating hormone—targets thyroid prolactin—targets breasts follicle-stimulating hormone—targets gonads

adrenocorticotropic hormone—targets adrenal medulla BECAUSE: Adrenocorticotropic hormone targets the adrenal cortex, not medulla. The other pairs are correctly matched.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? aldosterone—regulates sodium levels epinephrine—critical during emergency situations androgens—female sex hormones cortisol—regulates carbohydrate metabolism

androgens—female sex hormones BECAUSE: Androgens are male sex hormones. The other pairs are correct.

Which hormone promotes the kidneys to reabsorb water? prolactin oxytocin luteinizing hormone antidiuretic hormone

antidiuretic hormone BECAUSE: Antidiuretic hormone promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys. Oxytocin stimulates contractions. Luteinizing hormone stimulates secretion of sex hormones in males and females and plays a role in releasing ova in females. Prolactin stimulates the production of milk in the breasts.

Which of the following treatment procedures is NOT a surgical procedure? laparoscopic adrenalectomy parathyroidectomy chemical thyroidectomy lobectomy

chemical thyroidectomy BECAUSE: A chemical thyroidectomy uses a large dose of radioactive iodine and is given to kill thyroid gland cells without having to do surgery. A lobectomy, laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and parathyroidectomy are all surgical procedures.

Which of the following conditions is characterized by being abnormally short in height? congenital hypothyroidism acromegaly dwarfism gigantism

dwarfism BECAUSE: Dwarfism is characterized by being abnormally short in height. Congenital hypothyroidism is a lack of thyroid hormones that may result in arrested physical and mental development. Acromegaly is an enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities. Gigantism is being abnormally tall.

Which of the following terms is NOT one of the families of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex? glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids epinephrine steroid sex hormones

epinephrine Epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla. Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and steroid sex hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the ovaries? glucagon insulin melatonin estrogen

estrogen BECAUSE: Ovaries secrete both estrogen and progesterone. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland. Glucagon and insulin are secreted by the pancreas.

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of diabetes mellitus? peripheral neuropathy ketoacidosis hirsutism retinopathy

hirsutism BECAUSE: Hirsutism is a symptom of adrenal virilism. Peripheral neuropathy, ketoacidosis, and retinopathy are potential complications of diabetes mellitus

Which of the following terms means insufficient sodium in the blood? hypoglycemia hypercalcemia hyperkalemia hyponatremia

hyponatremia BECAUSE: Hypo- means insufficient, natr/o means sodium, and -emia means blood condition; therefore, hyponatremia means insufficient sodium in the blood. Hyper- means excessive and calc/o means calcium; hence, hypercalcemia means excessive calcium in the blood. Kal/i means potassium, so hyperkalemia means excessive potassium in the blood. Glyc/o means sugar; thus, hypoglycemia means insufficient sugar in the blood.

Addison's disease is caused by: hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex. hypersecretion of the thyroid gland. hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex. hyposecretion of the thyroid gland.

hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex. BECAUSE: Addison's disease is caused by an insufficient amount of adrenal cortex hormones. Hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones causes Cushing's syndrome. Hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causes hypothyroidism, and hypersecretion of the thyroid gland causes hyperthyroidism.

Diabetes insipidus is caused by: insufficient thyroid hormone. excessive antidiuretic hormone. excessive thyroid hormone. insufficient antidiuretic hormone.

insufficient antidiuretic hormone. BECAUSE: Diabetes insipidus is caused by insufficient antidiuretic hormone. Excessive antidiuretic hormone would cause generalized edema. Graves' disease is caused by excessive thyroid hormone. Myxedema is caused by insufficient thyroid hormone.

Which of the following elements does the thyroid gland use to make its hormones? iodine sodium calcium potassium

iodine BECAUSE: Iodine is necessary for the thyroid to make its hormones. The thyroid does not use calcium, potassium, or sodium to make its hormones.

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary? growth hormone oxytocin thyroid-stimulating hormone prolactin

oxytocin BECAUSE: Oxytocin is secreted by the posterior pituitary. Growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin are all secreted by the anterior pituitary.

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine work to: regulate glucose levels in the body. regulate sodium levels in the body. regulate calcium levels in the body. regulate the body's metabolic rate.

regulate the body's metabolic rate. BECAUSE: Thyroxine and triiodothyronine work to regulate the body's metabolic rate. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone regulate calcium levels in the body. Glucagon and insulin regulate glucose levels in the body. Aldosterone is responsible for regulating sodium levels in the body.