Chapter 12

Consider the vague statement, "The guy said your vehicle would be ready in a while after a small problem is fixed." Which revision would put this sentence in the most concrete terms? Multiple choice question. "The guy said your truck would be ready in about an hour. He needs to replace something." "Pete said your vehicle would be ready as soon as he takes care of a hose." "The guy said your vehicle would be ready sometime after 3 p.m. after he fixes something in the cooling system." "Pete said your truck will be ready at 3 p.m. He needs to replace a cracked hose in the cooling system."

"Pete said your truck will be ready at 3 p.m. He needs to replace a cracked hose in the cooling system."

Which primary guideline is violated by the statement, "Due to the fact that the ideas were reviewed by those who hoped to be empowered by the process of voting, the final analysis would be worthy"? Multiple choice question. Eliminate clutter. Use language appropriately. Use language accurately. Avoid clichés.

Eliminate clutter

Which of the following is true of the connotative meaning of a word? Multiple choice question. It is the literal and precise definition of a word. It will be different for different people. It avoids stereotyping a job by gender identity. It should only be used in reference to technical concepts.

It will be different for different people.

What is the primary difference between metaphors and similes? Multiple choice question. Metaphors compare, whereas similes describe. Metaphors make statements, whereas similes ask questions. Metaphors make implicit comparisons, whereas similes make explicit comparisons. Metaphors use concrete language, whereas similes use abstract language.

Metaphors make implicit comparisons, whereas similes make explicit comparisons.

When Lauren she said, "His idea fell apart like cardboard in the rain," what method for making a speech more vivid did she use? Multiple choice question. alliteration metaphor rhythm simile

Simile

Which sentence is an example of antithesis? Multiple choice question. These martyrs died so that we may live. The forest grew, the forest lived, and the forest thrived. If you want knowledge, go to school. If you want wealth, go to school. The conditions were cold, crowded, and cramped.

These martyrs died so that we may live.

At a retirement party for a colleague, Eric used plain, unemotional language to describe his colleague's time with the company. Afterward, a coworker mentioned that the speech did not pay proper tribute to how much the departing colleague meant to the company. Which rule of using language appropriately did Eric violate? Multiple choice question. appropriateness of mannerisms appropriateness to the audience appropriateness to the speaker appropriateness to the topic

appropriateness to the topic

Hilario includes the following passage in a speech on his recent visit to a national park: "Even though it was the height of summer, I felt cool standing in the dappled shade beneath the ancient trees. All around me I could hear the chirp of small birds and the rustle of leaves stirred by a breeze." By including this passage, Hilario has created: Multiple choice question. similes vivid imagery a metaphor a cliché

vivid imagery

Thomas is giving a keynote speech at a formal convention of highly respected medical researchers. Which greeting would be the most appropriate to the occasion? Multiple choice question. "How's everyone doing out there?" "Here we are!" "Hello, everyone." "Distinguished guests"

"Distinguished guests"

What are two techniques for ensuring language is appropriate to an audience that is not very familiar with the subject of your speech? Multiple select question. Use words that are intended to evoke a strong emotional response. Avoid profanity and off-color remarks. Use words that sound natural coming from you. Use plain language.

Avoid profanity and off-color remarks. Use plain language.

To make your speech clear and understandable, use words with which the audience will be: Multiple choice question. A. impressed B. familiar C. entranced D. perplexed

B. Familar

During his speech, Ari quoted article 1, section 9, of the U.S. Constitution to his class without further explanation: "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed." Ari did not follow rules of good language in which two ways? Multiple select question. He did not use language clearly. He used language with connotation. He did not use language accurately. He did not use words likely to be familiar to the audience.

He did not use language clearly. He did not use words likely to be familiar to the audience.

How does rhythm help create more vivid speeches? Multiple choice question. It makes it necessary for the speaker to use only concrete words. It reinforces and enhances the impact of the speaker's words. It eliminates the need to include images or concrete words in the speech. It requires the use of inclusive words that draw the audience in.

It reinforces and enhances the impact of the speaker's words.

What is the best way to develop a personal speaking style that is clear, vivid, and appropriate? Multiple choice question. Read and listen to effective speakers and blend their techniques with your own language style. Avoid outside influences and ignore negative feedback whenever possible. Speak in whichever manner is easiest and most natural to you. Pick one or two of your favorite speakers and imitate their language and mannerisms as closely as possible.

Read and listen to effective speakers and blend their techniques with your own language style.

Which two statements are true concerning the use of rhythm in a speech? Multiple select question. It is far more important to emphasize rhythm than meaning. Rhythm can enhance the impact of the speaker's words. Rhythm is an innate talent that cannot be learned or acquired. There are four basic stylistic devices that speakers use to improve their rhythm.

Rhythm can enhance the impact of the speaker's words. There are four basic stylistic devices that speakers use to improve their rhythm.

Which guideline did Henry violate when he chose to make several off-color jokes during his speech welcoming new employees to the company? Multiple choice question. Use language appropriate to the occasion. Use inclusive language. Use language clearly. Use the generic "he" to refer to all unknown persons.

Use language appropriate to the occasion.

For which three reasons is it important for speakers to use clear language? Multiple select question. Audiences are impressed by difficult words presented in a complicated way You can't assume that a word familiar to the speaker is familiar to the audience. Audiences can't take the time to look up an unfamiliar word. Audiences must be able to understand ideas immediately.

You can't assume that a word familiar to the speaker is familiar to the audience. Audiences can't take the time to look up an unfamiliar word. Audiences must be able to understand ideas immediately.

For which topic would a speaker be most likely to emphasize poetic language to evoke emotion rather than simple, straightforward language? Multiple choice question. giving a toast at a friend's wedding demonstrating how to knit socks explaining how to make lasagna instructing on proper weightlifting technique

giving a toast at a friend's wedding

Using a similar arrangement for a series of related words to create rhythm and enhance meaning is known as: Antithesis Alliteration Parallelism Repetition

parallelism

To avoid clutter, speakers should eliminate: Multiple choice question. redundant adjectives and adverbs overly simple phrases indents and other visual markers references to people, places, or things

redundant adjectives and adverbs

Barack Obama once said, "Tonight, if you feel the same energy that I do, if you feel the same urgency that I do, if you feel the same passion that I do, if you feel the same hopefulness that I do, if we do what we must do, then I have no doubt that all across the country, from Florida to Oregon, from Washington to Maine, the people will rise up in November." What did he use to create rhythm in this passage? alliteration metaphor antithesis repetition

repetition

A speech that places the audience in the middle of an experience and stirs up an emotional response can be described as: Multiple choice question. ambiguous accurate vivid clear

Vivid

Review the sentences: "We will not waver. We will not stop." Which phrase is in parallel with the sentences? Multiple choice question. They cannot beat us. We will succeed. We will not fail. We cannot doubt ourselves.

We will not fail

Which two questions would most likely improve the accuracy of the language used in a speech? Multiple select question. What does the flow of language in this section really call for? Which word is the most impressive? What exactly do I mean? What am I really trying to say?

What exactly do I mean? What am I really trying to say?

Which approach is likely to engage the audience's five senses? Multiple choice question. vivid imagery surprising statistics rhythmic repetition rhetorical questions

vivid imagery

The best time to search for and eliminate clutter from a speech is: Multiple choice question. while you are writing your outlines during your final rehearsal before delivering the speech after the final draft of the speech has been prepared after the speech has been delivered

while you are writing your outlines

Which is a good rule of thumb to follow when considering whether language is appropriate to an audience? Multiple choice question. Avoid formalities whenever possible. Speak now, apologize later. When in doubt—don't. Get their attention by any means necessary.

When in doubt—don't.

What method for creating rhythm did Mildred use in her presentation when she said, "Your boat must be ready to launch immediately, stem, sail, and stern"? Multiple choice question. alliteration repetition antithesis simile

alliteration

Which rhythmic technique most often relies upon stating in close succession a series of different words that share an initial consonant sound? Multiple choice question. repetition alliteration antithesis parallelism

alliteration

In her speech paying tribute to her aunt, Julia said, "The sadness of her youth led to the youthfulness of her old age." What method was she using to establish rhythm?

antithesis

Stacy uses slang and abstract words during her everyday speech, but during her speech on a recent change to her state's tax laws, she uses her own developed style that avoids both of these things. By using her own developed style, Stacy is using language that is: Multiple choice question. full of vivid imagery inappropriate for the audience appropriate for the speaker inclusive

appropriate for the speaker

Marcee will be speaking about a trip she took to Africa to help build wells in villages with limited access to clean water. Marcee wants to use vivid language in order to move her audience emotionally. Which of the following is her best option? Multiple choice question. information on how listeners can build wells in Africa a summary of the schedule she followed during her trip detailed descriptions of how the villagers reacted to the new wells statistics on water contamination in Africa

detailed descriptions of how the villagers reacted to the new wells

The primary aim of antithesis is to create rhythm by: Multiple choice question. using a similar arrangement for a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences repeating a consonant sound in a series of close or adjoining words juxtaposing contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure reiterating the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences

juxtaposing contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure

Cambrianne tells Juan about her new dog, a canine named Skippy. Discussing her new pet, Cambrianne is using the Blank______ meaning of the word dog. Multiple choice question. abstract connotative alliterative denotative

Denotative

Joyce, a college student, used the words "dudes" and "you guys" when addressing her school's faculty about her concerns. Which two statements are true of these word choices? Multiple select question. She used alliteration to make her speech more compelling. She did not use language appropriate to the audience. She used figurative language to explain her main point. She did not use language that was appropriate to the occasion.

She did not use language appropriate to the audience. She did not use language that was appropriate to the occasion.

Bill Clinton once said, "Somewhere at this very moment a child is being born in America. Let it be our cause to give that child a happy home, a healthy family, and a hopeful future." Which two methods for creating rhythm did he use in the second sentence? Multiple select question. parallelism alliteration metaphor antithesis

parallelism alliteration

Galena is giving a speech on a play she recently saw, and she wants to use concrete language to help her listeners feel like they are watching the play with her. Which example best accomplishes this goal? Multiple choice question. "After the audience gets quiet, a man appears on the stage. He is sort of in the middle, and there's a light on him." "The room got kind of dark and then one of the characters in the play walked onto the stage where he was lit by a light." "The murmurs of the audience quiet as the room dims, and a spotlight illuminates a tall, brown-haired man in a business suit." "I watch as the lights go down and a man appears on the stage and gestures before speaking."

The murmurs of the audience quiet as the room dims, and a spotlight illuminates a tall, brown-haired man in a business suit."

Maria is giving a speech on inexpensive vacationing to a group of seniors and says the following: "A rad place to find cheap flights is on websites like Kayak or Orbitz. There y'all can easily compare different flights from different carriers. Be sure to look out for deals on first class, too. They're still loads more expensive than coach, but YOLO, right?" Which of the following did Maria do in her speech? Multiple choice question. She used a metaphor to create interest. She used vivid language to create a word picture for her audience. She established good rhythm which her audience will appreciate. She uses slang which may not be appropriate for her audience.

She uses slang which may not be appropriate for her audience.

In his speech on concerts, Dan referred to the overture (which comes at the beginning of a performance) as being at the end of the performance. What mistake did he make? Multiple choice question. He did not use concrete words. He did not use language vividly. He did not use repetition. He did not use language accurately.

He did not use language accurately.

In her speech, Vanessa stated, "It is important that leaders are not overly autonomous or merely satisficing when using a combinatorial rather than positional decision-making process." What mistake did she make in her language choice? Multiple choice question. She used too many similes. She did not emphasize clear, familiar language. She used too much imagery. She used too much alliteration.

She did not emphasize clear, familiar language.

What are three benefits of using repetition to create rhythm? Multiple select question. emphasizing a single idea by stating it more than once juxtaposing two or more contrasting ideas unifying a sequence of ideas creating a strong emotional effect drawing comparisons between things that are different

emphasizing a single idea by stating it more than once unifying a sequence of ideas creating a strong emotional effect

When instructing her local Girl Scout Brownie troop, which consisted of seven- and eight-year-olds, Sadie discussed balancing the group's bank account and making sure their acquisitions were all clearly indicated. What language guideline did she not consider? Multiple choice question. Language must be vivid. Language must be appropriate to the topic. Language must be appropriate to the speaker. Language must be appropriate to the audience.

Language must be appropriate to the audience.