Chapter 12

Cast Iron

_ _ contains relatively large amounts of carbon and impurities. It is the most brittle ferrous metal.

Laser Cutting

_ _ gives high-quality results in thin metal plates.

Wrought Iron

_ _ is produced by hammering semi-molten iron to produce a metal with long fibers of iron interleaved with long fibers of slag. It has a very low iron content.

Plasma Cutting

_ _ with a tiny super-sonic jet of superheated gas that blows away the metal can give more precise cuts at thicknesses of up to 2 inches

Stainless Steel

_ _, made by alloying steel with other metals, primarily chromium and nickel, forms a self-protecting oxide coating that makes it highly resistant to corrosion.

tap

To cut internal threads, such as in a hole or nut.

Furring Strip

A length of wood or metal attached to a masonry or concrete wall to permit the attachment of finish materials using screws or nails; any linear material used to create a spatial separation between a finish material and an underlying substrate.

soldering

A low-temperature of brazing.

lathe

A machine in which a piece of material is rotated against a sharp cutting tool to produce a shape, all of whose cross sections are circles; a machine in which a log is rotated against a long knife to peel a continuous sheet of veneer.

gauge (gage)

A measure of the thickness of sheet material. Lower _ numbers signify thicker sheets

hot-dip galvanizing

A method of galvanizing in which a steel member or assembly is dipped into a bath of molten zinc.

electrogalvanizing

A method of galvanizing, in which an electric current is used to deposit zinc from a liquid bath onto steel.

Machining

A process of cutting unwanted material from a piece of metal to produce the desired shape.

brazing

A process that uses molten, nonferrous metal to join two pieces of metal. The brazing metal is melted at temperature below that of the metals being joined, so that, unlike in welding, the joined metals remain in a solid state throughout the process.

Furring channel

A sheet metal furring strip in the form of a cee-channel

gypsum sheathing panel

A water-resistant, gypsum-based sheet material used for exterior sheathing.

Alloy

An _ is a mixture of elements, primarily metal with metal, that modifies properties for a particular purpose.

Flame cutting torch

An economical method of cutting steel of almost any thickness is with a _ _ _ that combines a slender, high-temperature gas flame with a jet of pure oxygen to burn the metal away.

die

An industrial tool for giving identical form to repeatedly produced or continuously generated units.

Stud; Joist (C-Sections)

For wall, floor, and roof framing, the steel is formed into _ or _ sections.

Thermal Bridging

In cold regions, light gauge steel framing must be detailed and insulated to minimize _ _ through the steel members.

Wood

Light gauge steel construction is the noncombustible equivalent of _ light frame construction.

Ductile

Metals are generally _, meaning that they can be hammered thin or drawn into wires.

brake metal

Sheet metal, formed into final shape using a brake.

Web Stiffeners

Steel _ _ are screwed to the thin webs of the joists to prevent them from buckling.

Tempered

Steel can be _ by heating it to a moderate degree and cooling it more slowly, making it both hard and strong.

Galvanized

Steel is often _ by coating it with zinc to protect against corrosion.

Annealing

Steel that is brought to a very high temperature and then cooled very slowly, called _, will become softer, easier to work, and less brittle.

Milling

The most common machining process in which a rotating cutting wheel is used to cut metal from a workpiece.

Copper

_ and its alloys are widely used in construction. It is slightly more dense than steel; it is moderately strong and can be made stronger by alloying or cold working, but it is not amenable to heat treatment. It has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of any metal used in construction.

Forging

_ involves heating a piece of metal until it becomes soft, then beating it into shape. (Blacksmith)

Zinc

_ is a blue-white metal that is low in strength, relatively brittle, and moderately hard. Used for roofing and flashing. Die Castings are made from this. Its most important use is in galvanizing.

Bronze

_ is a reddish-gold metal that consists of 90% copper and 10% tin. Resistant to corrosion.

Tin

_ is a soft, ductile, silvery metal that forms a self-protecting oxide layer.

Magnesium

_ is a strong, remarkably lightweight metal that is much used in air crafts but is too costly for general use in buildings.

Chromium

_ is a very hard metal that can be polished to a brilliant mirror finish. It does not corrode in the air.

Titanium

_ is also low in density, about half the weight of steel, very strong, and one of the most corrosion resistant of all metals.

Brass

_ is formulated of copper and zinc plus small amounts of other metals. It is usually a straw-yellow color. Resistant to corrosion.

Aluminum

_ is the nonferrous metal most often used in construction. Its density is about 1/3 that of steel and it has moderate to high strength and stiffness, depending on the alloys.

Casting

_ is the process of pouring molten metal into a shaped mold; the metal retains the shape of the mold as it cools.

Extrusion

_ is the process of squeezing heated but not molten metal through a shaped die to produce a long metal piece with a shaped profile matching the cutout in the die.

Stamping

_ is the process of squeezing sheet metal between two matching dies to give it a desired shape or texture.

Electroplating

_ is widely used to coat metals such as chromium and cadmium onto steel to improve the appearance of the steel and protect it from oxidation.

Ferrous

_ metals are less expensive, and stronger, but have a tendency to rust.

Nonferrous

_ metals are more attractive and easier to work with.

Drawing

_ produces wires by pulling a metal rod through a series of progressively smaller orifices in hardened steel plates until the desired diameter is reached.

Rolling

_, which may be done either hot or cold, forms the metal by squeezing it between a series of shaped rollers.

anodize

an electrolytic process that forms a permanent protective oxide coating on aluminum, with or without added color.

quenching

the rapid cooling of metal so as to alter its physical properties; a form of heat treatment.