Chapter 12

It is believed that most organized crime income comes from narcotics distribution, loan sharking, and:

Prostitution

When referring to racketeering influenced and corrupt organization act, what is known?

RICO provides sanctions of 20 years in prison and a $25,000 fine

What white-collar crime involves a contract or conspiracy designed to stifle competition, create a monopoly, artificially maintain prices, or otherwise interfere with free market competition?

Restraint of Trade

Churning, front running, and bucketing are types of:

Securities Fraud

Rationalizing ____ is a common trait of white-collar criminals.

Greed

Indicators are the traditional organized crime syndicates are in decline.

True

Individual exploitation of institutional power involves forcing victim's to pay for services to which they have a clear right

True

Many criminologists view the alien conspiracy theory as a figment of the media's imagination.

True

Since 1970, Russian and other eastern European organized crime groups have been operating on U.S. soil.

True

Which of the following statements does not reflect corporate culture theory?

"Everyone else does it"

Illegal disposal of hazardous wastes, discharging pollutants into a body of water, and tampering with a drinking water supply fall under the white collar crime category.

...

Why do deterrence strategies against white collar criminals work?

Because white collar crime is a rational act

In1977 congress passed the foreign corrupt practices act that made it illegal to:

Bribe foreign officis

What criminal gangs have taken over the dominant re in NYC heroin market from the traditional Italian run syndicates?

Chinese Gangs

What do compliance strategies do?

Compliance Strategies do all these things.

What theory can be used to explain the collapse of Enron?

Corporate Culture Theory

When firms divide a religion into territories and each firm agrees not to not compete in the others territories, it is illegal and is called:

Division of Markets

What region of the world has been the scene of a massive buildup in organized crime since the fall of the soviet union?

Eastern Europe

Using illegal tactics to make profits in the marketplace is known as:

Enterprise Crime

A division of markets involves a corporation requiring its customers who use one of its services to use one of its services to use other services it offers.

False

Affirmative tax evasion occurs when an individual fails to pay taxes or does not report all income.

False

Organized crime is synonymous with the Mafia.

False, it is not.

Indications are the traditional organized crime syndicates are:

In Decline

When powerful institutions or their representatives willfully violate the laws that restrain these institutions from doing social harm or that require them to do social good it is called corporate crime or:

Organizational Crime

According to the alien conspiracy theory organized crime is made up of a national syndicate of twenty-five or so italian dominated crime families that call themselves:

La Cosa Nostra

According to cressey embezzlement is caused by a/an:

Nonshareable Financial Problem

Compliance strategies avoid stigmatizing and shaming business people by focusing on the act rather than:

The Actor

What investigative model was shaped by RICOs success?

The Enterprise Theory of Investigation

Bank fraud can encompass such diverse schemes as check kiting, check forgery, false statements on loan applications, sale of stolen checks, bank credit card fraud, unauthorized use of ATM's, auto title fraud and illegal transactions with offshore banks.

True

Blue collar employees may be involved in systematic theft of company property, commonly called pilferage.

True

Deterrence strategies should work and have worked in controlling white collar crime, by its nature, is a rational act.

True

Group boycotts occur when an organization or company boycotts retail stores that do not comply with its rules or desires.

True

Hirshi and Gottfredson maintain that the motives that produce white collar crime are the same as those that produce any other criminal behaviors.

True

A scheme whereby a client with accounts in two or more banks takes advantage of the time required for checks to clear in order to obtain unauthorized use of bank funds is known as:

check kiting

A white collar crime in which a stockbroker makes repeated trades with a client's account in order to fraudulently increase his or her commissions is known as

churning

The sarbanes-oxley legislation (2002) was enacted to combat:

fraud and abuse in publicly traded companies

Which of the following is not a characteristic of organized crime?

organized crime is synonymous with the Mafia

The major enforcement entity against environmental crime is:

the EPA

In the 1930s sutherland first used the phrase white collar crime to describe the criminal activities of:

the rich and powerful

For the government to prove tax fraud, the minimum amount that must be involved is:

there is no minimum