Chapter 12 anatomy

How do plasma cells assist w humoral immunity

Secrete highly specific antigens

Fever accomplishes

Speeds up repair process and inhibits bacteria reproductions

Inflammatory process doesn't

Stimulate release or lysosomes

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________. A) vaccines B) serum C) antivenom D) antitoxin

A

Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called ________. A) cytotoxic T cells B) regulatory T cells C) antigen-presenting cells D) helper T cells

A

The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the ________. A) right arm B) right leg C) left leg D) left side of the head E) right and left legs

A

The third line of defense involves the adaptive response mediated by ________. A) lymphocytes B) antigens C) mucous membranes D) pathogens

A

Tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species are known as ________. A) xenografts B) autografts C) allografts D) isografts

A

Humoral immunity provided by

Antibodies

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called ________. A) neutralization B) complement fixation C) precipitation D) agglutination

C

Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________. A) myasthenia gravis B) rheumatic fever C) anaphylactic shock D) delayed hypersensitivity

C

The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called ________. A) tonsils B) appendix C) Peyer's patches

C

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called ________. A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) diapedesis D) coagulation E) antibody production

C

Chief way body responds to antigens

Complement fixation

MACs form holes as a result of

Complement fixation

What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?

Helper t cells

Inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells

Interferons

24) Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ________. A) haptens B) antibodies C) pyrogens D) interferons

A

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of ________. A) T cells B) B cells C) plasma cells D) antigen-presenting cells E) antibodies

A

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________. A) lymph nodes B) tonsils C) the spleen D) thymus

A

Poison ivy

Delayed hypersensitivity

Constant region can

Determine class

IgB

Doesn't exist

Constant reigon

Doesn't form antigen binding site

Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________. A) cytosol B) cerebrospinal fluid C) saliva D) tears E) blood

E

Recent respiratory viral ifection

nAAi

Graft to avoid rejection

Autograft

17) Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________. A) lymph nodes B) MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue C) germinal centers D) lymphatics

B

21) The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________. A) cellular immunity (cellular-mediated immunity) B) complement fixation C)chemotaxis D)diapedises

B

6) Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver? A) tonsils B) spleen C) thymus gland D) appendix E) Peyer's patches

B

Chemotaxis is best described as ________. A) the movement of neutrophils through capillary walls B) the movement of cells along a chemical gradient C) the dilation of blood vessels D) the release of a lytic chemical by perforins

B

Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the ________. A) intracellular fluid B) blood vascular system C) endocrine system D) respiratory system

B

Lymph from the left arm returns to the heart through the ________. A) inferior vena cava B) left subclavian vein C) left external jugular vein D) left subclavian artery E) aorta

B

The major role of ________ cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of them to the cells that will deal with those fragments. A) helper T B) antigen-presenting C) cytotoxic T D) killer

B

The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the ________ region. A) regional or R B) variable or V C) constant or C D) stable or S

B

The thymus is most active during ________. A) infancy B) adolescence C) middle age D) old age

B

What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir? A) thymus B) spleen C) appendix D) tonsils

B

What structure carries lymph into a lymph node? A) trabeculae B) afferent lymphatic vessel C) follicles D) efferent lymphatic vessel E) germinal cente

B

Where is the thymus located? A) pharynx B) beneath sternum overlying heart C) armpits, groin, and neck

B

Which of the following is often used to treat allergies? A) corticosteroids B) antihistamines C) blood transfusions D) bone marrow transplants

B

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses? A) intact skin B) antibody production C) the inflammatory response D) fever

B

adaptive (specific) defense system ________. A) is an innate defense B) issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances C) includes the skin and mucous membranes D) is the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens E) provides mechanical barriers to the body

B

Apcs behave as

Macrophages

IgE

Allergies

Lymphocytes are self tolerant of

Body's own cells

B cells develop immune competence in the

Bone matrow

16) The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat. A) thymus B) spleen C) tonsils D) lymph node

C

A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response. A) interferon B) antibody C) antigen D) pyrogen

C

Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________. A) stroke B) shock C) edema D) MALT

C

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called ________. A) macrophages B) antibodies C) pathogens D) allergens

C

Small proteins known as ________ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected. A) haptens B) pyrogens C) interferons D) antigens

C

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is ________. A) phagocytes B) natural killer cells C) skin and mucous membranes D) inflammatory response

C

Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat? A) axillary lymph nodes B) cervical lymph nodes C) tonsils D) Peyer's patches E) thymus gland

C

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart? A) milking action of skeletal muscles B) pressure changes within the thorax C) the pumping action of the heart D) smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels E) presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels

C

) AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________. A) antigen-presenting cells B) plasma cells C) memory cells D) helper T cells

D

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________. A) cellular or cell-mediated immunity B) active immunity C) natural immunity D) passive immunity

D

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________. A) fever B) dehydration C) edema D) acute inflammation

D

T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered ________. A) clones B) complement C) self-tolerant D) immunocompetent

D

The ________ duct drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax. A) brachiocephalic B) subclavian C) thoracic D) right lymphatic

D

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response? A) redness B) heat C) swelling D) chills

D

process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called ________. A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation

D