Chapter 12 Assignment

Which of the following physiological outcomes is a potential effect of caffeine use?

Caffeine is a stimulant found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies. By activating the sympathetic nervous system through increasing the production of adrenaline, caffeine increases an individual's perceived level of energy and alertness. It also increases blood pressure and may lead to increases in the body's production of cortisol, the stress hormone.

Which of the following is NOT one of four categories of symptoms associated with substance use disorder?

Clinicians diagnose substance use disorders by assessing the individual on four categories of symptoms: loss of control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological changes. Addictive nature of the substance

The pleasurable effects of cocaine are achieved through which of the following mechanisms:

If cocaine is present, it attaches to the dopamine transporter and blocks the normal recycling process, resulting in a buildup of dopamine in the synapse, which contributes to the pleasurable effects of cocaine.

As a cigarette smoker, Renee is at risk for being diagnosed with any of the following conditions EXCEPT

Individuals can be diagnosed with tobacco use disorder or tobacco withdrawal, but not tobacco intoxication.

Which of the following drugs is currently associated with 115 deaths per day in the United States?

It is estimated that 115 U.S. adults a day die after overdosing on opioids.

Which of the following are forms of neurocognitive disorders associated with long-term heavy alcohol use?

Korsakoff's syndrome and Wernicke's disease

Which of the following statements regarding the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is accurate?

LSD users might experience flashbacks even after they stop the drug.

Because alcohol, drugs, and medications with high abuse potential continue to be widely available, _____________ factors play a strong role in maintaining dependence among users.

Moreover, because alcohol, drugs, and medications with high abuse potential continue to be widely available, sociocultural factors play a strong role in maintaining dependence among users.

Sleep medication such as eszopiclone (Lunesta) and zolpidem (Ambien) help individuals to achieve their desired calming effect by influencing which of the following neurotransmitters?

The sedating effects of these central nervous system depressants are due to the fact that they increase the levels of the neurotransmitter GABA, which inhibits brain activity and therefore produces a calming effect.

Methadone is a synthetic opioid that is prescribed to individuals with _______________ dependency to help them recover from their addiction.

heroin

Although legal in some states, the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States is

marijuana.

All of the following are examples of depressants EXCEPT

nicotine.

Mixing alcohol with other drugs can have a _______________ effect, meaning that the effect of the two drugs taken together is greater than the effect of either substance alone.

potentiating

Users of the drug known as PCP report symptoms that mimic the mental health disorder known as

schizophrenia.

Terry has discovered that he requires larger and larger amounts of alcohol in order to achieve the desired effects. This is due to a process known as

tolerance.

Which is a potential effect of long-term alcohol use?

Brain damage

Which of the following is NOT a common effect of hallucinogens?

Euphoria

Jason is an adolescent male who lives in a home considered to be of high socioeconomic status. Compared to his friend Mark who reports a much lower level of financial stability in his family, Jason is more likely to develop an alcohol use disorder based on which of the following influences?

Familial habits and traditions

Brian ingested a drug at a party. He isn't sure what he took, but he decides to go see his doctor just to be safe. When the doctor asks Brian to describe what he is feeling, Brian says that this is the most "spiritual" that he has ever felt and that he is "totally in touch with his feelings and the world around him." What class of drug did Brian most likely ingest?

Hallucinogen

Which of the following drug classes most operate through disrupting the typical function of the serotonin neurotransmitter system?

Hallucinogen

Which of the following statements about stimulants is TRUE?

Stimulants have a high potential for abuse and addiction.

THC produces its effects by acting upon specific sites in the brain known as

THC produces its effects by acting upon specific sites in the brain, called cannabinoid receptors.

The extent of substance intoxication may depend upon

The extent of substance intoxication depends on the specific drug, the speed with which it acts, and the duration of its effects.

With more widespread public education on substance disorders, in conjunction with advances in genetics and psychotherapeutic interventions, it is possible that we will see

advances in prevention.

Stefanie has been in treatment for cancer. She has been taking a prescription synthetic pain-killer to deal with some of the side effects of her treatment. Her prescription drug would be classified as a(n)

depressant.

The tremors, muscle spasms, and potential permanent muscle damage associated with chromic inhalant use is due to

the deterioration of the myelin sheath.