Chapter 12

According to national surveys, most American parents support which type of sex education program in school?

Abstinence plus sexual safety

_____was among the first to conceptualize sexuality as a continuum rather than a strict dichotomy of gay or straight.

Alfred Kinsey

Which of following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism?

Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism.

Defense of Marriage Act, a 1996 U.S. law explicitly limiting the definition of "marriage" to a union between one man and one woman and allowing each individual state to recognize or deny same-sex marriages performed in other states

DOMA

Queer theorist_____argued against American society's monolithic definition of sexuality—against its reduction to a single factor: the sex of one's desired partner

Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

Only women are affected by gender stratification.

False

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?

Functionalism

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?

Functionalism

_______ is/are an individual's self-conception of being male or female based on his or her association with masculine or feminine gender roles.

Gender identity

_____'s study of the Indonesian Minangkabau (2004) revealed that in societies that some consider to be matriarchies (where women comprise the dominant group), women and men tend to work cooperatively rather than competitively regardless of whether a job is considered feminine by American standards

Sanday

What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?

Sweden

Functionalists such as_____ have long argued that the regulation of sexual activity is an important function of the family.

Talcott Parsons

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.

Sociologists associate sexuality with _______.

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

Queer Theory is

a perspective that problematizes the manner in which we have been taught to think about sexual orientation

To classify this continuum of heterosexuality and homosexuality, Kinsey created.....

a six-point rating scale that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender":

all of the time, in everything we do

From a conflict theory perspective, sexuality is

another area in which power differentials are present and where dominant groups actively work to promote their worldview as well as their economic interests

the belief that men and women behave differently due to inherent sex differences related to their biology

biological determinism

From a functionalist standpoint, homosexuality...

cannot be promoted on a large-scale as an acceptable substitute for heterosexuality.

Compared to most Western societies, American sexual attitudes are considered _______.

conservative

the performance of tasks based upon the gender assigned to us by society and, in turn, ourselves

doing gender

the concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women but allows it for men

double standard

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________.

gender

a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions of behaviors that are considered male or female

gender

a condition listed in the DSM-5 in which people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with. This condition replaces "gender identity disorder"

gender dysphoria

a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her gender

gender identity

society's concept of how men and women should behave

gender role

an ideology and a set of institutional practices that privilege heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations

heterosexism

an extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals

homophobia

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______.

in early adolescence

Radical feminism, in particular, considers the role of the family in perpetuating

male dominance

For conflict theorists, there are two key dimensions to the debate over same-sex marriage

one ideological and the other economic

an interdisciplinary approach to sexuality studies that identifies Western society's rigid splitting of gender into male and female roles and questions its appropriateness

queer theory

When it comes to sexuality, functionalists stress the importance of...

regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability.

a term that denotes the presence of physical or physiological differences between males and females sexism

sex

a person's physical, mental, emotional, and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female)

sexual orientation

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

sexuality

Interactionists focus on the meanings associated with

sexuality and with sexual orientation.

socially created definitions about the cultural appropriateness of sex-linked behavior which shape how people see and experience sexuality

social construction of sexuality

Interactionists are also interested in how discussions of homosexuals often focus almost exclusively on

the sex lives of gays and lesbians; homosexuals, especially men, may be assumed to be hypersexual and, in some cases, deviant

an adjective that describes individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are other than their biological sex

transgender

A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered _______.

transsexual

transgender individuals who attempt to alter their bodies through medical interventions such as surgery and hormonal therapy

transsexuals

Because the meanings attached to symbols are socially created and not natural, and fluid, not static,.....

we act and react to symbols based on the current assigned meaning.

According to conflict theory social problems are created when dominant groups exploit or oppress subordinate groups. thus.....

we can view men as the dominant group and women as the subordinate group

Functionalists argue that gender roles were established .....

well before the pre-industrial era when men typically took care of responsibilities outside of the home, such as hunting, and women typically took care of the domestic responsibilities in or around the home.