chapter 12: Cardiovascular system- Blood

major characteristics of blood:

-denser and more viscous than water pH that normally ranges between 7.35 and 7.45. -oxygenated blood is bright red- deooxygenated blood is dark red. - avg volume in an adult is 5L (women is 4-5L and males is 5-6L)

types of luekocytes

1. granular luekocytes (nuetrophils, eosinophils, basophils) 2. agranular (lymphocytes- T cells and B cells; monocytes)

3 major functions of blood:

1. transportation of O, CO2, nutrients, heat, wastes and hormones. 2. regulation of pH, body temp, and water content of cells. 3. protection against blood loss via clotting, and against foreign microbes and toxins via the action of phagocytic WBC and specialized plasma proteins.

erythrocytes live only approximately _____ ____ due to absence of ______

120 days; organelles

greater than _____% of the formed elements in blood are erythrocytes

99%

two major blood group systems?

ABO blood grouping RH blood grouping

blood is a ____ ____ composed of a liquid portion called ________ and a cellular portion consisting of various _____ and ______ ________.

CT; plasma ; cells and cell fragments;

flow of blood leaving heart back to the heart

arteries --> arterioles --> capillaries --> venules --> veins

each RBC is a flexible _______ disc that lacks a ________.

biconcave; nucleus

hemoglobin plays a role in the regulation of:

blood flow and blood pressure

Rh+

carries Rh antigen

Rh-

doesnt carry Rh antigen but has antibody Rh+

hemoglobin also binds reversibly to some of the CO2. this permits:

erythrocytes to transport CO2 from the tissues to the lungs to be expelled.

hemoglobin can bind reversibly to oxygen. this permits:

erythrocytes to transport oxygen from the lungs to other tissues of the body.

formed elements include:

erythrocytes(RBC), luekocytes (WBC), and platelets.

what is erythropoiesis?

formation of RBCs

each hemoglobin molecules consists of

four globin chains and four heme groups

type O

has no antigens both antibodies universal donor

type AB

has type A and B antigen no antibodies universale recipient

type A

has type A anitgen anti-B antibody

type B

has type B antigen anti-A anitbody

the cardiovascular system consists of:

heart blood blood vessels

the percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC is called the

hematocrit (45%)

blood cells are formed by

hematopesis

_____________ _________ is the fluid that bathes body cells.

interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)

hematology

is the study of blood, blood forming tissues and associated disorders

hypoxia stimulates the _______ to release ______ which stimulates __________.

kidneys; erythropoietin; erythropoiesis

what is hypoxia?

lack of oxygen

hematopesis

occurs only after birth in only red bone marrow

blood carries ______&________ and exchanges these molecules for ________&_______ released from the body cells into the interstitial fluid.

oxygen and nutrients; CO2 and waste;

blood consists of

plasma

solutes in plamsa include

plasma proteins (albumins, globulins, fibroinogens), waste molecules, nutrient molecules, enzymes, hormones, gases, and electrolytes.

characteristics of plasma

straw colored liquid. accounts for about 55% of the volume of blood. consists of about 91.5% water and 8.5% solutes.

agglutination

the clumping of blood cells together