Chapter 12 - Conduction in Liquids and Gases

What defines a positive ion?

Atoms that have deficiency of electrons

What defines a negative ion?

Atoms that have gained extra electrons

What is the most common form of ionization of gas in nature?

Aurora Borealis

What is the natural form of copper sulfate?

Blue Crystals

What is the negative terminal?

Cathode

What is the positive terminal?

Anode

What are the 2 main factors used to determine the amount of voltage required to cause conduction in a gas filled envelope?

-Atmospheric Pressure -Type of gas in the surrounding atomosphere

What is the ionization potential of the following gases? 1. Sodium Vapor 2. Mercury Vapor 3. Neon 4. Helium

1. 5 volts 2. 10.4 volts 3. 21.5 volts 4. 24.5 volts

Name 2 factors that determine the speed an electron attains inside a gas environment:

1. Applied Voltage 2. Distance traveled before striking another molecule

What are the 5 factors always true in electroplating?

1. Electrolyte solution must contain ions of the metal to be plated. 2. Metal ions are always positively charged. 3. The object to be plated must be connected to the negative power terminals. 4. DC is used as power source 5. The positive terminal is made of the same metal that is to form the coating.

What is atmospheric pressure equal to?

14.7 PSI at sea level

What is used to hold a sulfate ion together in Sulfuric Acid when it is combined with water?

2 extra electrons lost by the hydrogen atom

How many volts in the ignition system of an automobile?

20,000 - 70,000 volts

What is an ion?

A charged atom.

What is the chemical compound for copper sulfate, and where is it used?

CuSO4, copper electroplating process

What is the most important factor in the ionization of gas?

Electron Impact

What is the chemical compound for sulfuric acid, and where is it used?

H2SO4, lead-acid car automotive batteries

How is ionization potential related to pressure?

If pressure increases, ionization potential increases. If pressure decreases, ionization potential decreases

Is pure water an insulator or a conductor?

Insulator

The amount of voltage, or potential, an electron must possess to cause ionization is called?

Ionization Potential

What determines the thickness of the coating?

Length of time the process is permitted to continue

Name 3 compounds that can be used to promote conduction in a liquid? What is another name for them?

Solutions of acids, alkalies, metallic salts Electrolytes

What determines the color of light emitted by a gas-filled tube?

The characteristics of the type of gas

What causes an arc?

The ionization of the air

What does conduction in gases and liquids depend on?

The movement of ions.

What determines the density of the molecules in a gas environment?

The pressure inside the tube. The higher the pressure, the more dense the molecules.

When is Cuprous Cyanide used?

To electroplate copper to iron

Once an arc is established, resistance is _______.

Very Low, and the voltage required to maintain can be reduced

When does sulfuric acid become an electrolyte?

When it is combined with water

What is electroplating?

depositing atoms of one type of metal on another

What is electrolysis?

the process of separating elements electrically

What is one of the most common uses for electroplating?

the production of pure metals, impurities will stay in the solution