Chapter 12 evolve questions cancer biology
Which statement regarding tumors is true? All neoplasms are cancerous. Cancer refers to a malignant tumor. Benign growths are cancerous. Malignant tumors have slow growth.
Cancer refers to a malignant tumor.
Which statement is true regarding the staging of cancer? a. Localized cancer is considered a high stage. b. Benign tumors are stage 4. c. Cancers that have spread regionally are stage 3. d. Stage 1 has the poorest prognosis.
Cancers that have spread regionally are stage 3.
Which marker is used to evaluate a tumor of the adrenal gland? Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Catecholamines Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Catecholamines
Which of the following are characteristics of cachexia? (Select all that apply.) Increased appetite Weight gain Early satiety Altered metabolism Considered a sign of cancer
Early satiety Altered metabolism Considered a sign of cancer
Which virus(es) is(are) linked to the development of cancer? (Select all that apply.) Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Epstein-Barr virus Human papillomavirus
Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Epstein-Barr virus Human papillomavirus
Which of the following is a characteristic of a malignant tumor? It is encapsulated. It does not invade local tissues. It is well differentiated. It is able to spread far from the tissue of origin.
It is able to spread far from the tissue of origin.
Which statement is true regarding metastasis? a. Metastasis is a highly efficient process. b. Metastasis occurs through the vascular and lymphatic systems. c. Metastatic cancer cells suppress proteases. d. Most cancer cells are able to metastasize to new areas.
Metastasis occurs through the vascular and lymphatic systems.
Which statement characterizes radiation therapy? a. Radiation is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures. b. Effective killing of cancer cells using radiation requires poor local delivery of oxygen. c. Radiation blocks the normal growth pathways in cells. d. Radiation can cause reversible changes in normal tissues.
Radiation is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures.
What is the term for cancers originating in connective tissue? Sarcoma Leukemia Lymphoma Carcinoma
Sarcoma
When in its normal state, which gene negatively regulates proliferation? Oncogenes Tumor-suppressor genes Proto-oncogenes Telomeres
Tumor-suppressor genes
Which statement(s) is (are) true regarding caretaker genes? (Select all that apply.) - Caretaker genes encode proteins that repair damaged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). - Loss of function results in increased mutation rates. - Loss of function can cause increase rates of specific cancers. - Mutations that disrupt caretaker genes are not inherited. - Loss of function causes chromosome instability.
- Caretaker genes encode proteins that repair damaged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). - Loss of function results in increased mutation rates. - Loss of function can cause increase rates of specific cancers.
