Chapter 12 History 108

Abolitionists pioneered the use of modern methods and technology to gain support and finance their cause. Which of the following are examples of their revolutionary approaches to fighting slavery?

*Abolitionists seized upon the recently developed steam printing press to produce millions of copies of pamphlets, newspapers, petitions, novels, and broadsides. *They developed charity fairs or "bazaars," where women sold clothing and embroidery, luxury goods, and works of art to raise funds.

What do these images reveal about the abolitionist movement by the 1850s?

*Although free society was deeply segregated, blacks and whites worked together to further the abolitionist cause. *Both men and women engaged in abolitionist efforts.

How does Grimké explain that the discussion of wrongs of slavery opened the way for the discussion of other rights?

*By studying slavery, she realized women lacked basic freedoms as well.

Identify the statements that describe Margaret Fuller by dragging them to her image.

*Literary editor of the New York Tribune, the first woman to ever achieve so important a position. Editor of the Transcendentalist magazine The Dial from 1840 to 1842.

Match the individuals to their accomplishments.

*Lucy Colman: -abolitionist lecturer and teacher at a school for blacks, in addition to being a women's rights advocate *Harriet Beecher Stowe: -author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, which generated awareness of the abolitionist cause *Dorothea Dix: -a Massachusetts schoolteacher and advocate for the humane treatment of the insane

Horace Mann was the era's leading education reformer. Identify the statements that describe Mann's contributions and ideas on education.

*Mann hoped that universal public education would restore equality to a fractured society. *Mann argued that schools could reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed to instill discipline.

Identify the statements that describe the Oneida community.

*Members wanted to create a "holy family" of equals by doing away with private property and traditional marriage. *The founder, John Humphrey Noyes, ruled like a dictator over the community.

What does it reveal about utopian communities in the mid-nineteenth century?

*Shaker communities were spread throughout the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century. *New York had many different utopian communities within its borders.

Identify the goals of the following reform movements and organizations.

*Temperance Movement: -dissuade individuals from drinking, and guide them toward a moral lifestyle *Abolition Movement: -eliminate slavery throughout the country immediately *Common Schools: -fund and support public education for all students *Perfectionism: -view society as capable of indefinite improvement, and work to free it of sin through revivals and other tactics

Identify the statements that describe the temperance movement.

*The American Temperance Society, founded in 1826, directed its efforts at occasional drinkers, as well as habitual drinkers. *The temperance movement claimed to have persuaded hundreds of thousands of Americans to renounce liquor.

What was the American Colonization Society created to encourage?

*The gradual abolition of slavery and the resettlement of black Americans in Africa

Identify the statements that describe why was this image was frequently used by abolitionists.

*The image calls upon white Americans to recognize blacks as fellow men unjustly held in bondage. *The depiction of this slave represents African-Americans as unthreatening individuals seeking white assistance from slavery.

Identify the abolitionist ideas Lydia Maria Child advocated in her An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans (1833).

*The modern idea of human rights takes precedence over national sovereignty. *Blacks are fellow countrymen, not foreigners or a permanently inferior caste. As such, they should not be considered Africans any more than every white man be considered an Englishman.

Identify the statements that describe the militant abolitionism movement in the United States.

*The new generation of abolitionists rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition. *Nearly all abolitionists insisted that economic, civil, and political rights should be enjoyed equally by all people in the United States, without regard to race.

How have religious reformers made a difference in American society?

*They amplified the debate for abolition, using Christian principles to attack slavery. *They spearheaded the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. *They created the Social Gospel that sought to improve the lives of working people and immigrants.

Which of the following statements describe the abolitionist use of moral suasion?

*They used the public sphere as their arena to spread ideas of the sinful nature of slavery. *They would stand outside established institutions and critique the institution of slavery.

Which of the following statements describe Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin?

*Uncle Tom's Cabin sold more than a million copies by 1854, and it inspired numerous stage versions. *Stowe portrayed slaves as sympathetic men and women and as Christians at the mercy of slaveholders who split up families and set bloodhounds on innocent mothers and children.

Identify the statements that describe the goals and activities of the "utopian communities" established in the decades before the Civil War.

*wanted to narrow the gap between the rich and poor, as well as organize society on a cooperative basis *tried to find substitutes for conventional gender relations and marriage patterns

Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin was modeled to some extent on the autobiography of Frederick Douglass.

False

In 1836, when abolitionists began to flood Washington with petitions calling for emancipation in the nation's capital, the House of Representatives adopted the gag rule, which prohibited southern congressmen from speaking out against the petitions.

False

Like abolitionism, temperance, and other reforms, feminism was an international movement, as it reinforced the idea that women should remain in the home, which resonated in industrial Europe.

False

The Liberty Party was created in 1840 and nominated James G. Birney as its candidate for president. Identify the statements that describe the Liberty Party.

The creation of the Liberty Party was partly due to some abolitionists' dislike of women playing prominent roles in politics.

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, how were Americans' political and social activities organized in the absence of a powerful government?

They were organized through voluntary associations such as churches, fraternal orders, political clubs, and the like.