Chapter 12 Meteorology

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air mass

A large parcel of air that takes on the characteristics of the area over which it forms is an...

warm front

Advancing warm air that displaces cold air.

short term

All forecasts are more reliable in the _____ _____

temperature and humidity

An air mass takes on its source region's...

analog forecast

Another type of forecast, the _____ _____ involves comparing current weather patterns to patterns that took place in the past.

occluded front

Cold air mass that moves rapidly and overtakes a warm front

cold front

Cold, dense air that displaces warm up, forcing it up.

northeast

In the northern hemisphere, these winds flow from the _____ to the southwest.

southwest

In the northern hemisphere, these winds flow from the northeast to the ______.

true

Long-term variations in weather for a particular area make up the CLIMATE of the area

true

METEOROLOGY is the study of atmospheric phenomena

oceans

Maritime air masses originate over...

jet streams

Narrow bands of fast, high-altitude, westerly winds called ______ _____ flow at the boundaries between wind zones in the middle latitudes.

front

Narrow region separating two air masses of different densities.

low pressure

Pressure system that is associated with cloudy weather and precipitation

Low Pressure System

Rising air

High Pressure System

Sinking air

Coriolis Effect

The _____ _____deflects moving air to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.

rotation

The cause of this (Coriolis Effect) is Earth's_____

trade winds

The first wind systems, at 30 degrees latitude north and south is known as the _____ _____

polar jet stream

The most important jet stream, the _____ _____ _____, separates the polar easterlies from the prevailing westerlies.

prevailing westerlies

The second wind system, called the _____ _____, flows between 30 degrees and 60 degrees latitude north and south of the equator.

polar easterlies

The third wind system, the _____ _____, lies between the poles and 60 degrees latitude.

false, directly

The tropics are hotter than the poles because the sun strikes this area of Earth more INDIRECTLY

North America

These winds are responsible for the movement of many weather systems across much of ______ _____

low pressure

These winds from both hemispheres converge at the equator. They are forced upward, creating an area of _____ _____

intertropical convergence zone

This area of convergence near the equator is the _____ _____ _____

stationary front

Two air masses that meet and do not advance

false, atmosphere

Weather is the current state of the LITHOSPHERE

air mass modification

When an air mass travels over land or water that has different characteristics than those of its source region, it undergoes...

station model

a record of weather data for a particular site at a particular time

High Pressure System

air flows away from center

Low Pressure System

air flows towards center

High Pressure System

air moves clockwise in northern hemisphere

Low Pressure System

air moves counterclockwise in northern hemisphere

true

an isotherm is a line that connects points of equal temperature

radiosonde

balloon-borne package if sensors that gathers upper-level weather data

Doppler effect

change in pitch frequency that occurs due to the relative motion of a wave

Low Pressure System

clouds and precipitation

false

contour lines are lines of equal temperature

infrared imagery

detects different frequencies, used to map cloud cover or surface temperatures

High Pressure System

fair weather

barometer

instrument that measures air pressure

hygrometer

instrument that measures relative humidity

thermometer

instrument that measures temperature

anemometer

instrument that measures wind speed and direction

true

isobars that are far apart indicate a small difference in pressure and light winds

true

isotherms are used to identify temperature gradients and, consequently, frontal systems

true

lines of equal pressure are called isobars

radar

radio detecting and ranging

weather satellite

sees clouds

weather radar

sees precipitation, snow/rain/etc.

digital forecast

A _____ _____ relies on numerical data.

long term

Forecasts become less reliable as they attempt to predict ____ _____ weather changes.


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