chapter 12: part one (smartbook)

Choose all statements that are true about Schwann cells? a. They assist in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers. b. They are only found in the central nervous system. c. They form the myelin sheath in the PNS. d. They form the neurilemma.

-They assist in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers. -They form the myelin sheath in the PNS. -They form the neurilemma.

The nervous system plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. List, in order beginning at the top, the basic steps that describe how the nervous system carries out this task. a. information received by sensory receptors is transmitted to the CNS b. information is processed in an appropriate response is determined c. a command is issued to effectors such as muscles or glands

1. information received by sensory receptors is transmitted to the CNS 2. information is processed and an appropriate response is determined 3. a command is issued to effectors such as muscles or glands

What is the approximate ratio of glial cells to neurons? a. 1:50 b. 25:1 c. 10:1 d. 1:10

10:1

Which types of glial cells are found in the central nervous system? a. Astrocytes b. Satellite cells c. Oligodendrocytes d. Ependymal cells e. Microglia f. Schwann cells

Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Ependymal cells Microglia

Which term applies to the small swellings at the distal end of the axon of a neuron that contain synaptic vesicles? a. Axon terminals b. Internodes c. Nodes of Ranvier d. Axon hillocks

Axon terminals

Sensory (afferent) neurons do which of the following? a. Carry signals to muscles b. Carry signals to glands c. Receive incoming signals and initiate outgoing nerve signals d. Carry signals to spinal cord and brain

Carry signals to spinal cord and brain

Which fundamental physiological property of neurons allows them to send signals quickly over long distances? a. Secretion b. Excitability c. Conductivity d. Contractility

Conductivity

The soma of a neuron gives rise to branch-like processes called what? They are the primary sites for receiving signals from other neurons. a. Dendrites b. Axons c. Neurosomas

Dendrites

Choose all the factors that influence the speed of nerve signal conduction. a. type of neuron (multipolar vs. unipolar) b. Diameter of axon c. Size of soma d. Presence of myelin

Diameter of axon and Presence of myelin

List the fundamental physiological properties of neurons. a. Conductivity, contractility, excitability b. Elasticity, conductivity, contractility c. Excitability, conductivity, secretion d. Excitability, irritability, highly mitotic

Excitability, conductivity, secretion

Which is the most common type of neuron? a. Unipolar neuron b. Multipolar neuron c. Bipolar neuron

Multipolar neuron

Which structures carry out commands from the central nervous system? a. Tendons and ligaments b. Muscles and glands c. Bones and muscles d. Adipose and epithelial tissues

Muscles and glands

Which term refers to the outermost layer of myelin, containing the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann cell? a. Neurilemma b. Axon collateral c. Gray matter d. Axon terminal

Neurilemma

Which cells protect the neurons and help them function? a. Efferent b. Neuroglia c. Multipolar d. Afferent

Neuroglia

In the CNS, myelin is produced by glial cells called ______.

Oligodendrocytes

Ganglia are components of which division of the nervous system? a. Central nervous system b. Neither the central nor the peripheral nervous system c. Peripheral nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Which neuroglial cell is found in the peripheral nervous system? a. Satellite cell b. Astrocyte c. Oligodendrocytes d. Ependymal cell

Satellite cell

Which type of glial cell produces the myelin sheath in the PNS? a. Satellite cell b. Ependymal cell c. Schwann cell d. Oligodendrocyte

Schwann cell

The release of a neurotransmitter is an example of which physiological property exhibited by a neuron? a. Secretion b. Conductivity c. Excitability

Secretion

What are dendrites of neurons? a. Sites for receiving signals from other neurons b.sites where the nucleus of a neuron is found c. Branches that send information to other neurons

Sites for receiving signals from other neurons

The somatic motor division carries information to which structure? a. Cardiac muscle b. Smooth muscle c. Skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle

The sensory and motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system are further split into which two subdivisions? a. Proximal and distal b. Autonomic and voluntary c. Spinal cord and brain d. Somatic and visceral

Somatic and visceral

Which division inhibits digestion? a. Parasympathetic b. sympathetic

Sympathetic

At its distal end, an axon has an extensive complex of fine branches called what? a. Dendrites b. Axolemma c. Synaptic vesicle d. Terminal arborization

Terminal arborization

Which lists the structural categories of neurons? a. Sensory, motor, and interneurons b. Neurons, glia, satellite cells c. Unipolar, bipolar, anaxonic, and multipolar d. Afferent, association, and efferent

Unipolar, bipolar, anaxonic, and multipolar

An axon lacking a myelin sheath is said to be what? a. A dendrite b. Unmyelinated c. Myelinated

Unmyelinated

Together, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems make up the entirety of which division of the nervous system? a. Motor b. Somatic motor c. Somatic sensory d. Visceral motor

Visceral motor

Movement away from the neuron cell body toward an axon ending is called ______ transport. a. anterograde b. retrograde

anterograde

Which process of a neuron is specialized for rapid conduction of nerve signals to structures relatively far away from the neuron cell body? a. Perikaryon b. Axon c. Dendrite d. Ganglia

axon

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite is structurally classified as a ______ neuron.

bipolar

The brain and spinal cord are components of the Blank______ nervous system, while the nerves and ganglia are components of the Blank______ nervous system. a. somatic, autonomic b. central, peripheral c. sympathetic, parasympathetic d. peripheral, central

central, peripheral

The processes of a neuron that usually receive signals from other neurons are called ______.

dendrites

The glial cells that line cavities of the brain and spinal cord and secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid are ______. a. satellite cells b. microglial cells c. astrocytes d. ependymal cells

ependymal cells

The myelin sheath is a spiral layer of ______ around a nerve fiber. a. muscle tissue b. insulation c. scar tissue d.dendrites

insulation

The myelin sheath is composed mostly of which of the following? a. Lipids b. Proteins c. Glycoproteins d. Carbohydrates

lipids

Which two organ systems are primarily responsible for coordinating the other bodily systems so as to maintain homeostasis? a. Cardiovascular system b. Nervous system c. Endocrine system d. Immune system

nervous system and endocrine system

Sensory, inter, and motor are the three classes of ______. a. neuroglia b. neurotransmitters c. neurons d. ganglia

neurons

Choose all that are usually found inside the cell body (or soma) of a mature neuron. a. Nucleus b. Synaptic vesicles c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Centrioles e. Mitochondria

nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria

Which type of axonal transport involves movement up the axon toward the soma? a. Anterograde b. Retrograde c. Anaxonic d. Synaptic

retrograde

Afferent neurons are what type of neurons? a. sensory b. motor

sensory