Chapter 12 quiz (psych)

Which of the following statements is true of generalized anxiety disorder?

An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder is nervous most of the time.

_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

Anorexia nervosa

_____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Anorexia nervosa

is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time.

Catatonia

The _____ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

Hallucinations/Delusions

Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.

Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.

_____ are recurrent thoughts, and _____ are recurrent behaviors.

Obsessions/compulsions

_____ refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality.

Psychosis

All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder EXCEPT

a history of manic episodes.

A fear becomes a phobia when

an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear.

The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.

biological

The _____ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.

biological

Dr. Wren is in the process of diagnosing Lily's psychological disorder. After asking Lily a few questions about her symptoms, Lily reveals that she experiences alternating episodes of euphoria and distress. On some days, Lily claims that she feels like she is capable of doing anything in the world. During this phase, she can't sleep; feels restless, and is extremely excitable. On the other days, Lily feels utterly worthless and miserable. During this phase, Lily lies in bed all day and is troubled by morbid thoughts. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Wren is likely to diagnose Lily with

bipolar disorder.

Kelly experiences a great deal of anxiety over her physical appearance. She believes that her head is too big and her nose is asymmetrical. This troubling preoccupation with her physical features interferes with Kelly's occupational and social functioning. She spends hours in front of the mirror and isolates herself from her friends. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Kelly can be most likely diagnosed with

body dysmorphic disorder.

The thinking style called splitting is associated with which of the following disorders?

borderline personality disorder

A schizophrenic patient sometimes lapses into a phase during which she becomes unresponsive and stiff. In this state her body becomes rigid, and she sits for hours by herself in a sort of stupor. In the context of schizophrenia, she is experiencing

catatonia

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive

cleansing.

The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

diathesis-stress model

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.

disease

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?

dissociative identity disorder

Catatonia

is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time.

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is

major depressive disorder.

Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with

major depressive disorder.

An individual diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is most likely to experience

motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts.

Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes. He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs. If Alex doesn't wash his hands, he experiences overwhelming anxiety. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Unlike obese individuals who do not suffer from binge-eating disorder, binge eaters are more likely to

overvalue their physical appearance, weight, and body shape.

In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

panic disorder

The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.

positive symptoms/negative symptoms

Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of

post-traumatic stress disorder.

When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of

post-traumatic stress disorder.

Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public. As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions. The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him. Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder?

social phobia

Alfred suffers from an extreme and irrational fear of spiders. His fear is exaggerated and disproportionate to the actual danger he might be in if he did encounter a spider. Alfred's fear of spiders is so intense that he would go to almost any length to avoid coming into contact with them. Alfred is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

specific phobia

For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least

two weeks