Chapter 12 quiz questions
The thymus is indicated by ________.
Label B
Lymphatic collecting vessels are indicated by ________.
Label C
The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by ________.
Label C (spleen)
A lymph capillary is indicated by ________.
Label D
The Peyer's patches are indicated by ________.
Label D
Blood capillaries are indicated by ________.
Label E
The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called ________.
Peyer's patches
Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies?
The constant regions form an antigen-binding site
What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue?
an autograft
Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________.
blood
Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the ________.
blood vascular system
B cells develop immunocompetence in the ________.
bone marrow
Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________.
naturally acquired active immunity
How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?
plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies
The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is ________.
skin and mucous membranes
Vaccines are NOT for ________.
snake bites
What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir?
spleen
Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver?
spleen
Chemotaxis is best described as ________.
the movement of cells along a chemical gradient
Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat?
tonsils
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes the ________.
tonsils, the appendix, and Peyer's patches
Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?
chills
Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ________.
haptens
Small proteins known as ________ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected.
interferons
Lymph from the left arm returns to the heart through the ________.
left subclavian vein
The tonsils are indicated by ________.
Label A
A lymph node is indicated by ________.
Label B
Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?
AIDS
What does fever accomplish?
Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.
Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes?
IgB
The lymph duct is indicated by ________.
Label A
The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by ________.
Label A
Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________.
MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of ________.
T cells
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________.
acute inflammation
The thymus is most active during ________.
adolescence
What structure carries lymph into a lymph node?
afferent lymphatic vessel
Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped?
agglutination
Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________.
anaphylactic shock
Humoral immunity is provided by ________.
antibodies
Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses?
antibody production
The major role of ________ cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of them to the cells that will deal with those fragments.
antigen-presenting
Which of the following is often used to treat allergies?
antihistamiens
Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of ________.
complement fixation
The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________.
complement fixation
What is the chief way the body responds to antigens?
complement fixation
Which portion of the antibody's structure determines the antibody's class?
constant region
Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called ________.
cytotoxic T cells
Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to ________.
delayed hypersensitivity
The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called ________.
diapedesis
Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.
edema
A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called ________.
elephantiasis
AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________.
helper T cells
What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?
helper T cells
Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be ________.
immunocompetent
T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered ________.
immunocompetent
The study of immunity is called ________.
immunology
The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist are determined by ________.
individual genetic makeup
What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells?
interferons
IgE ________.
is involved in allergies
The adaptive (specific) defense system ________.
issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances
Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.
lymph nodes
The third line of defense involves the adaptive response mediated by ________.
lymphocytes
Antigen-presenting cells behave as ________.
macrophages
The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called ________.
neutralization
Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.
passive immunity
Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called ________.
pathogens
Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called ________.
precipitation
The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the ________.
right arm
The ________ duct drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax.
right lymphatic
Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response?
self-antigens
The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
stimulate release of lysozyme
Lymphocytes are trained to be self-tolerant of ________.
the body's own cells
Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart?
the pumping action of the heart
The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.
tonsils
Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?
type 1 diabetes mellitus
Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________.
vaccines
The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the ________ region.
variable or V
Tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species are known as ________.
xenografts
