chapter 12 review environmental science
acid shock
occurs most often in the spring
pH
(potential hydrogen) measure of how acidic or basic a substance is
b
A device used to clean car exhaust pipes before they exit an automobiles tailpipe is called a(n) a. electrostatic precipitator b. catalytic converter c. scrubber d. none of the above
b or c
Precipitation is considered acid if its pH is a. above 7.0 b. above 5.0 c. below 5.0 d. below 5.6
d
The majority of sulfur dioxide produced by industry comes from a. oil refineries b. dry cleaners c. chemical plants d. coal-burning power plants
d
Volatile organic compounds a. are tiny particles of liquid or solid matter b. are produced by chemical interactions b/t sulfur and oxygen c. are an odorless, colorless poisonous gas d. are organic chemicals that form toxic fumes
c
What are the two main polluting components in acid precipitation? a. ozone and oxygen atoms b. ozone and water c. sulfuric acid and nitric acid d. sulfuric acid and water
c
What is the biggest cause of air pollution? a. dust particles b. forest fires c. human activities d. volcanic eruptions
d
What is the main cause of acid precipitation? a. the ozone hole b. oxygen atoms c. sulfur atoms d. nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide
a
Which air pollutant scars the lungs? a. asbestos b. radon c. fungi d. ozone
c
Which device helps clean car exhaust? a. electrostatic precipitator b. scrubber c. catalytic converter d. ZEV
b
Which has NOT been linked to acid precipitation? a. toxic metal poisoning b. lower blood pH c. respiratory problems d. damaged monuments
d
Which is NOT an effect of acid precipitation on aquatic ecosystems? a. death of animals and plants b. lower reproduction rates c. suffocation of fish d. increased growth of algae
b
Which is NOT part of correcting sick-building syndrome? a. removing sources of indoor air pollution b.sealing cracks where air leaks into the building c. improving ventilation d. cleaning air ducts
a
Which is a cause of acid precipitation? a. sulfur and nitrogen oxides b. carbonic acid c. high pH in rainfall d. acid shock
d
Which is a natural indoor air pollutant? a. carbon monoxide b. formaldehyde c. nitrogen oxides d. radon
a
Which is a secondary pollutant? a. ozone b. carbon monoxide c. particulate matter d. nitrogen oxides
a
Which is true of air pollution and human health? a. Years of research link air pollution to lung diseases b. Air pollution is commonly listed as a cause of death c. None of the health effects of air pollution are reversible d. Healthy adults are most affected by air pollution
b
Which of the following air pollutants is NOT a primary pollutant? a. particulate matter b. ozone c. sulfur dioxide d. volatile organic compounds
b
Which of the following is NOT an effective solution to the energy waste related to inefficient lighting? a. using low pressure sodium lighting sources b. points lights on billboards and street signs upward c. placing light sources of time controls d. shielding light to direct it downward
a
Which of the following numbers on the pH scale would indicate that a substance is acidic? a. 5.0 b. 7.0 c. 9.0 d. none of the above
f
Which of the following releases the most primary pollutants into the air? f. electric power plants g. manufacturing plants i. mining operations j. transportation industry
a
Which of the following respiratory diseases is considered a long term effect of air pollution on human health? a. emphysema b. bronchitis c. pneumonia d. all of the above
c
Which of the following substances is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless radioactive gas? a. asbestos b. carbon monoxide c. radon d. ozone
b
Which pair below are the two main sources of air pollution in urban areas? a. vehicles, volcanoes b. vehicles, industries c. industries, agriculture d. none of the above
sea coal
a source of air pollution before modern times
Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement
addresses acid precipitation falling downwind of source
acidification
an effect of acid precipitation on soil and water
temperature inversion
atmospheric condition that traps pollution near the ground
sick building syndrome
can occur in tightly sealed buildings
acid precipitation
caused by gases from fossil fuels
noise pollution
causes stress, high blood pressure, hearing loss
long-term effects of air pollution
emphysema, lung cancer, heart disease
ZEVs
have no emissions from tailpipes or gasoline
short term effects of air pollution
headache, eye irritation, coughing, bronchitis
primary pollutant
put directly into the air by human activity
aluminum
released by soil that is too acidic
smog
results from chemical reactions involving sunlight, air, exhaust, and ozone
Clean Air Act
scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators help industries meet the requirements of this
light pollution
solutions include shielding, time controls, and low pressure sodium sources
indoor air pollution
sources include plastics, carpets, cleaning fluids, radon, and asbestos