chapter 12 Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions
Social-skills training is most likely to be used in the treatment of ________ a. pedophiles. b. rapists. c. sadists. d. exhibitionists.
rapists
Homosexuality was formally declassified as a mental disorder and removed as a diagnostic category from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) in ________ a. 1974. b. 1952. c. 1960. d. 1931.
a. 1974.
Which of the following best fits the subset of rapists known as "date rapists"? a. A 19-year-old white male university student from a wealthy family b. A 45-year-old black man who works for a cable company c. A 30-year-old Asian man who lives with his parents d. A 67-year-old Hispanic man who is married with teenage children
a. A 19-year-old white male university student from a wealthy family
Which of the following sex offenders is most likely to reoffend? a. A twenty-five-year-old pedophile b. A thirty-year-old rapist c. A twenty-year-old convicted of statutory rape d. An eighty-year-old sadist
a. A twenty-five-year-old pedophile
Considering statistical data such as age, sexual partner availability, and frequency, which man is most likely to experience premature ejaculation? a. Andy, age 20, who does not have a girlfriend and has intermittent sexual activity b. Terrell, age 21, who has a long-term girlfriend and has regular sexual activity c. Mike, age 40, who has been married ten years and has two school-aged children d. Dan, age 35, who is divorced but has regular sexual opportunities with dates and hook-ups
a. Andy, age 20, who does not have a girlfriend and has intermittent sexual activity
According to DSM-5 criteria, sexual dysfunction disorders can occur during which three phases of the human sexual response? a. Desire, excitement, and orgasm b. Excitement, orgasm, and resolution c. Desire, orgasm, and resolution d. Desire, excitement and resolution
a. Desire, excitement, and orgasm
What is the most common sexual offense reported to the police? a. Exhibitionism b. Voyeurism c. Frotteurism d. Pedophilia
a. Exhibitionism
According to abstinence theory, which of the following is necessary for health? a. Healthy food. b. Intellectual stimulation. c. Exercising 7 days a week. d. Sexual intercourse 3 to 5 times per week.
a. Healthy food.
Which of the following is the most common adult outcome of boys with gender dysphoria? a. Homosexuality b. Transsexualism c. Masochism d. Transvestism
a. Homosexuality
Frank makes obscene phone calls in the evening to attractive women at his work. He masturbates while making the calls. After the calls, he often feels guilty and ashamed. Which DSM-5 paraphilia category best describes Frank's disorder? a. Paraphilias not otherwise specified b. Frotteurism c. Voyeurism d. Fetishism
a. Paraphilias not otherwise specified
While any of the following women could be a victim of rape, which is the most at risk, based on demographic data? a. Peggy, age 26, who lives in a rural, low-income area b. Kristen, age 18, a college freshman living at a large university c. Tericka, age 40, a married mother of two who lives in a middle-class suburb d. Helen, age 75, who lives in a retirement community
a. Peggy, age 26, who lives in a rural, low-income area
Which of the following statements is true? a. Sexual practices and standards are constantly evolving. b. Over time, all cultures develop more liberal attitudes toward sex. c. There is little that is considered "taboo" in modern society. d. Monogamy is a dated concept.
a. Sexual practices and standards are constantly evolving.
When it comes to cross-cultural similarities and differences concerning sexual behavior, which of the following statements is accurate? a. Taboos on sex between close relatives are found in all known cultures. b. Only in Western societies do men place greater emphasis on a partner's attractiveness. c. In a specific culture, sexual attitudes and practices tend to be quite stable over hundreds of years. d. In most cultures, people are highly tolerant of sexual nonconformity.
a. Taboos on sex between close relatives are found in all known cultures.
How is sexual assault different from rape? a. The age distribution of the victims b. Whether the victim was also at fault c. The type of unwanted sexual contact d. The age of the perpetrator
a. The age distribution of the victims
Which of the following statements about childhood sexual abuse is true? a. Victims of childhood sexual abuse are about twice as likely to develop a later mental disorder as those who were not abused. b. Childhood sexual abuse usually does not have lasting consequences. c. Most children dissociate during the actual sex act. d.The most common short-term consequences are aggression and other acting-out behaviors
a. Victims of childhood sexual abuse are about twice as likely to develop a later mental disorder as those who were not abused.
A priapism is ________ a. an erection that will not diminish even after a couple of hours. b. ejaculation of the penis when not engaged in sexual intercourse or masturbation. c. the experience of penile pain during arousal. d. an inability to ejaculate even though aroused.
a. an erection that will not diminish even after a couple of hours.
Dr. John Harvey Kellogg was a physician who was most noted for ________ a. anti-masturbation publications and the invention of cornflakes. b. his position that sex should be restricted to procreation only and his invention of the saltine cracker. c. pro-masturbation publications and the invention of vanilla wafers. d. his position that masturbation should only be acceptable for young males prior to matrimony and his invention of the graham cracker.
a. anti-masturbation publications and the invention of cornflakes.
Research from non-Western cultures shows that stigmatization of gender-nonconforming children ________ a. is not universal. b. is universal. c. occurs with greater frequency for males than for females. d. occurs with greater frequency for females than for males.
a. is not universal.
Most researchers maintain that the concept of repressed memory for sexual trauma is ________ a. largely invalid and that all "recovered memories" are false. b. a valid construct substantiated by the reliability of "recovered memories." c. rife with inconsistent data due to the different interviewing methods used by clinicians. d. a source of useful constructs in need of further evaluation.
a. largely invalid and that all "recovered memories" are false.
Both surgical and chemical castration ________ a. lower testosterone levels. b. eliminate inappropriate impulses. c. involve the administration of antiandrogen steroid hormones. d. make recidivism impossible.
a. lower testosterone levels.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been helpful in the treatment of ________, but have not been useful in treating __________. a. many of the paraphilias; sex offenders b. pedophilia and hebephilia; most paraphilias c. sex offenders; exhibitionists d. frotteurists; most paraphilias
a. many of the paraphilias; sex offenders
The most recent studies of satisfactory outcome from sex reassignment surgery find ________ a. most individuals are satisfied. b. few individuals are satisfied. c. satisfaction depends upon whether the operation involves a male-to-female or a female-to-male change. d. satisfaction depends on the length of time that individuals live as the gender they wish to become prior to the surgery.
a. most individuals are satisfied.
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder is most likely to have a(n) ______ cause. a. organic b. cultural c. psychological d. unknown
a. organic
Blanchard (2010) hypothesized that most heterosexual transvestites are psychologically motivated by autogynephilia, which is defined as ________ a. paraphilic sexual arousal by the thought or fantasy of being a woman. b. paraphilic sexual arousal generated by the tactile experience of wearing women's undergarments. c. paraphilic sexual arousal by the thought of sharing similar sexual experiences with a woman. d. paraphilic sexual arousal related to being dominated by a woman.
a. paraphilic sexual arousal by the thought or fantasy of being a woman.
A __________ measures erectile responses to sexual stimuli and consists of an expandable band placed around the penis that is connected to a recording device. a. penile plethysmograph b. volumetric penile monitor c. nocturnal penile tumescence monitor d. penile polygraph
a. penile plethysmograph
The "pause-and-squeeze" technique developed by Masters and Johnson has been used to treat ________ a. premature ejaculation. b. vaginismus. c. priapism. d. vulvovaginitis.
a. premature ejaculation.
Freud's views about homosexuality were considered _____ for his time. In his "Letter to an American Mother," Freud _________. a. progressive; stated that homosexuality was not a vice or degradation and was certainly not an illness b. consistent; pointed out that homosexuality was a deviation that must be treated with psychoanalysis c. remarkable; demonstrated beliefs counter to other theorists in that he felt homosexuality could be cured with psychoanalysis d. standard; encouraged the mother to help her son through religious intervention
a. progressive; stated that homosexuality was not a vice or degradation and was certainly not an illness
One of the reasons the Kinsey report is noteworthy is that it ________ a. revealed that homosexuality was much more common than expected. b. established that homosexuals were psychologically normal. c. redefined sexuality. d. lead to the immediate removal of homosexuality from the DSM.
a. revealed that homosexuality was much more common than expected.
Autoerotic asphyxia involves ______________ and is believed to be motivated by _____________. a. self-strangulation; strong masochistic sexual fantasies b. self-strangulation; the fact that loss of oxygen to the brain intensifies orgasm c. achieving orgasm while holding one's breath; strong sadistic sexual fantasies d. achieving orgasm while holding one's breath; the fact that loss of oxygen to the brain intensifies orgasm
a. self-strangulation; strong masochistic sexual fantasies
The main tenet of Swiss physician Simon Tissot's degeneracy theory proposed that _____ was necessary for physical and sexual vigor and appearance characteristics such as beard growth in men. a. semen b. testosterone c. follicle-stimulating hormone d. melatonin
a. semen
The Sambia people of Papua New Guinea have been one of the best studied societies. Two beliefs reflected in Sambian sexual practices are ________ a. semen conservation and female pollution. b. semen propagation and female chastity. c. plural marriage and family shared sexual experiences. d. initiation of boys to manhood through ritual loss of virginity and celebration of girls' initiation to womanhood with the first menstrual cycle.
a. semen conservation and female pollution.
Frotteurism is ________ a. sexual arousal by rubbing one's genital area against a nonconsenting person. b. sexual arousal in a male exclusively through masturbation. c. inability for males to be aroused by anything except inanimate objects. d. sexual arousal in males by the thought of having their sex organs removed.
a. sexual arousal by rubbing one's genital area against a nonconsenting person.
In order for Viagra to promote erection, ________ a. sexual excitation must be present. b. a man must be in excellent health and not taking any other medications. c. no external source of sexual excitation is necessary. d. manual stimulation of the penis is necessary.
a. sexual excitation must be present.
Males who have been raped ________ a. show similar long-term psychological distress as women do. b. show less long-term psychological distress than women. c. show different long-term psychological symptoms than women. d. never report it.
a. show similar long-term psychological distress as women do.
In DSM-5, pedophilic disorder is defined by ________ a. the age of the preferred partner. b. the behaviors exhibited. c. the bodily maturity of the preferred partner. d. the legal system; pedophilic disorder is not a diagnostic category on the DSM-5.
a. the age of the preferred partner.
For a person to be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder, ________ a. the paraphilia must cause harm. b. the person must be male. c. the person must be female. d. the paraphilia must involve an inanimate object.
a. the paraphilia must cause harm.
Some researchers have suggested that males may be more vulnerable to paraphilias than females because of ________ a. their greater dependence on visual sexual imagery. b. their exposure to peer sexual play, a phenomenon often noted in male but not female development. c. their stronger attraction sensation-seeking activities. d. the role of testosterone in male sexual arousal.
a. their greater dependence on visual sexual imagery.
Research on memories of childhood sexual abuse that arise during therapy indicates that ________ a. there is yet no consensus on the accuracy of these memories. b. these memories are mainly accurate. c. these memories are mainly inaccurate. d. these memories are induced by therapist pressure.
a. there is yet no consensus on the accuracy of these memories.
The DSM-5 defines paraphilias as ________ a. unusual sexual interests that do not create distress to the person with the paraphilia and is not distressing or harmful to others. b. unusual sexual interests that create distress to the person with the paraphilia but is not distressing or harmful to others. c. unusual sexual interests that create distress to the person with the paraphilia and is distressing or harmful to others. d. unusual sexual interests that do not create distress for the person with the paraphilia but is distressing or harmful to others.
a. unusual sexual interests that do not create distress to the person with the paraphilia and is not distressing or harmful to others.
Megan's Law, initially passed in New Jersey and later adopted by other states, mandates that ________ a. upon release from prison, convicted sex offenders must register with police so that neighbors will be notified of the released offender's status. b. after release from prison, sex offenders must submit fingerprint and DNA samples to a national registry of sex offenders. c. released sex offenders may not live in neighborhoods with children and cannot hold employment where contact with children could occur. d.sex offenders are required to wear an ankle monitor for at least ten years after release from prison.
a. upon release from prison, convicted sex offenders must register with police so that neighbors will be notified of the released offender's status.
Most researchers agree that rape is motivated by ________ a. varying degrees of both aggressive and sexual motives. b. the need to procreate c. sexual desire alone. d. a paraphilic urge.
a. varying degrees of both aggressive and sexual motives.
What is the average duration of time to ejaculate in men who have premature ejaculation? a. 1 hour b. 1 minute c. 20 minutes d. 4 hours
b. 1 minute
The crucial age period at which many gender dysphoric children desist in their desire to be the opposite sex or continue to persist in their desire to change their sex is ________ a. 8-10 years. b. 10-13 years. c. 13-15 years. d. 15-17 years.
b. 10-13 years.
Which of the following people best illustrates the most common type of pedophile? a. Werner, who is sadistic and enjoys causing pain. b. Frank, who is interpersonally unskilled and feels in control when dominating a child. c. Norman, who is bisexual, but cannot respond sexually to adult men or women. d. Ben, who has low self-esteem and fantasizes about being dominated by others in sexual relationships.
b. Frank, who is interpersonally unskilled and feels in control when dominating a child.
Which of the following is a true statement about attitudes in the United States about masturbation? a. Masturbation is a universally accepted way of satisfying sexual desire. b. Masturbation is no longer viewed as a disordered behavior, but public discussion of it may be actively discouraged. c. A discussion of masturbation is a recommended element of all sex education courses. d. Masturbation is openly discussed in most community settings.
b. Masturbation is no longer viewed as a disordered behavior, but public discussion of it may be actively discouraged.
________ often desire mastery or dominance over others, will idealize who they are with for their simplicity and innocence, and believe that the other person benefits from sexual contact, a. Masochists b. Pedophiles c. Fetishists d. Voyeurs
b. Pedophiles
What do rape and incest have in common? a. Both involve sex with an unwilling partner. b. The accuracy of prevalence estimates is questioned. c. Both are motivated primarily by aggression. d. There is much debate as to how they are defined.
b. The accuracy of prevalence estimates is questioned.
McCabe and Wauchope's (2005) classification system for types of rapists varies in terms of ________ a. amount of violence. b. amount of sexual and aggressive motives. c. whether the rapists know their victims. d. whether they target children or adults.
b. amount of sexual and aggressive motives.
People with transvestic disorder ________ a. include males and females, although more males than females. b. are usually heterosexual. c. frequently cause harm to others. d. wish to be the opposite gender.
b. are usually heterosexual.
Recent research has suggested that it is _________ for women to cite _______ as a reason for sexual activity. a. uncommon; sexual desire b. common; sexual desire c. uncommon; tension reduction d. common; tension reduction
b. common; sexual desire
The first phase of the human sexual response is ________ a. arousal. b. desire. c. orgasm. d. resolution.
b. desire.
Research on memory finds that ________ a. memory is highly accurate. b. false memories can be experimentally induced. c. false "recovered memories" only develop under hypnosis. d. children are no more likely than adults to provide inaccurate testimony.
b. false memories can be experimentally induced.
Martin has always felt he was really a girl. He dressed in girl's clothing as a child and still wants to be a girl. He is sure a mistake was made and that he is inhabiting the wrong sexed body. Martin's symptoms suggest a diagnosis of ________ a. frotteurism. b. gender dysphoria. c. transvestic fetishism. d. homosexuality.
b. gender dysphoria.
Most transsexuals ________ a. are autogynephilic. b. had gender dysphoria as children. c. are exclusively heterosexual. d. derive their sexual gratification from cross-dressing in public.
b. had gender dysphoria as children.
Compared to heterosexual men and women, gay-identified men and lesbian-identified women have ________ a. lower rates of anxiety disorders and depression. b. higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression. c. lower rates of schizophrenia and personality disorders. d. higher rates of schizophrenia and personality disorders.
b. higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression.
The most common personality characteristic of rapists is ________ a. sexual sadism. b. impulsivity. c. empathy. d. extraversion.
b. impulsivity.
It was once believed that masturbation caused ________ a. infertility. b. insanity. c. narcissism. d. schizophrenia.
b. insanity
"Victim-precipitated rape" ________ a. is what we commonly refer to as "date rape." b. is a myth of rape as provoked by the victim's clothing or behavior. c. involves no true rape but is a form of sexual assault. d. does not have any lasting psychological impact.
b. is a myth of rape as provoked by the victim's clothing or behavior.
Ted is a rapist. If he is typical of most convicted rapists, he ________ a. has never committed a crime before. b. is under 25 and has a prior criminal record. c. is well-educated, charming, and middle-class. d. was a close friend or lover of the rape victim.
b. is under 25 and has a prior criminal record.
Pedophilia frequently involves ________ a. adolescents. b. oral contact. c. sadistic acts. d. masochism.
b. oral contact.
Autogynephilic transsexuals differ from homosexual transsexuals in that ________ a. they are likely to be homosexual. b. they are not especially feminine. c. they are usually female-to-male transsexuals. d. rarely do they have a history of tranvestic fetishism.
b. they are not especially feminine.
The most common theory about voyeurs is ________ a. they become classically conditioned to respond in a stronger way to the female body than most males. b. they have difficulty relating to women and find peeping satisfies needs in a way that feels safe and powerful. c. they were exposed to excess male hormones during prenatal development. d. with the advent of more sexually explicit movies and magazines, voyeurism is quickly becoming extinct.
b. they have difficulty relating to women and find peeping satisfies needs in a way that feels safe and powerful.
Sam was a child with gender dysphoria. Now he is 26 and, feeling trapped in a man's body, he wants to become a woman. Adults with gender dysphoria are often referred to as a ________ a. transvestite. b. transsexual. c. lesbian. d. person with autogynephilia.
b. transsexual.
. Freud ________ a. viewed homosexuality as a disease that could be easily treated. b. was much more accepting of homosexuality than his contemporaries. c. believed that homosexuals were really heterosexuals who were traumatized by their own sexual desires. d. thought homosexuality developed as a result of early sexual trauma.
b. was much more accepting of homosexuality than his contemporaries.
John Henry Kellogg wrote that there were ______ signs of "the secret vice" of masturbation. a. 3 b. 9 c. 39 d. 72
c. 39
Which of the following is most likely to be a victim of incest? a. A son b. A stepdaughter c. A sister d. A stepson
c. A sister
According to Dr. Kellogg, what treatment should be used as a last resort when a boy persistently exhibits weakness, signs of consumption, and mock piety? a. A diet of mainly cereal and nuts b. Vigorous exercise c. Circumcision without anesthesia d. Carbolic acid application
c. Circumcision without anesthesia
Which of the following describes activity associated with the third phase of the human sexual response? a. This phase consists of fantasies about sexual activity or a sense of desire to have sexual activity. b. This phase is characterized both by a subjective sense of sexual pleasure and by physiological changes. c. During this phase, there is a release of sexual tension and a peaking of sexual pleasure. d. When this phase occurs, the person experiences a sense of relaxation and well-being.
c. During this phase, there is a release of sexual tension and a peaking of sexual pleasure.
Which of the following is a possible psychological cause of female sexual arousal disorder? a. Antidepressant medication b. Reduced level of testosterone c. Early sexual trauma d. Lower tactile sensitivity
c. Early sexual trauma
Which of the following reasons was given for the elevated risk for mental problems in homosexual men and women? a. Homosexuality is used as an escape from heterosexuality. b. Homosexuality occurs as the result of a domineering mother. c. Homosexuality is often accompanied by sociocultural stressors and stigmatization. d. Homosexuality is subject to punishment by law.
c. Homosexuality is often accompanied by sociocultural stressors and stigmatization.
Which of the following symptoms applies to male hypoactive sexual desire disorder? a. Marked difficulty in obtaining an erection during sexual activity. b. Marked difficulty in maintaining an erection until the completion of sexual activity. c. Persistently or recurrently deficient (or absent) sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity for at least 6 months. d. Marked fear or anxiety about vulvovaginal or pelvic pain in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration.
c. Persistently or recurrently deficient (or absent) sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity for at least 6 months.
Which of the following is an argument against the use of surgical sex reassignment surgery for gender dysphoria? a. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been found to be effective for most in alleviating gender dysphoria. b. Most of those who have such surgeries are not happy with the outcome. c. Surgery should not be used to treat a psychological disorder. d. Gender identity disorder is not a lifelong disorder and later regret is likely.
c. Surgery should not be used to treat a psychological disorder.
Sexual variants illustrate a theme in abnormal psychology better than any other category of disorder. Which theme? a. The importance of stressors as the cause of disorder b. The impact of disorder on one's occupational and social adjustment c. The difficulty in defining the boundaries of normal and abnormal d. The role of neurotransmitters in controlling thought and behavior
c. The difficulty in defining the boundaries of normal and abnormal
Which of the following is not a likely consequence for a woman who has been raped? a. PTSD b. Negative impact on sexual functioning c. Violent behavior toward random men d. Negative impact on relationships
c. Violent behavior toward random men
Studies of sex offenders suggest that ________ a. the feminist view of rape as an act of aggression rather than sex is accurate. b. about half of rapists are motivated purely by aggression and the rest by distorted sexual motives. c. all rapists are motivated by both aggression and distorted sexual motives. d. rape is normal sexual behavior for young adult males.
c. all rapists are motivated by both aggression and distorted sexual motives.
The decision by APA to remove homosexuality from the DSM was ________ a. later challenged and overturned. b. based on religious persecution. c. based on a vote by mental health professionals. d. based on research about the lack of treatment.
c. based on a vote by mental health professionals.
Terrance is a pedophile. If his sexual responsiveness is similar to that found in studies of pedophiles, he will respond to erotic pictures of ________ a. female children, but not female adults. b. male and female children, but not female adults. c. children more than erotic pictures of adults. d. male children, but not female adults.
c. children more than erotic pictures of adults.
The beliefs about homosexuality among the Sambia tribe illustrate that ________ a. such behavior is considered abnormal in all cultures. b. cultures in developing nations are more accepting of sexual nonconformists than other cultures. c. classification of sexual practices as abnormal is strongly influenced by culture. d. there really is no such thing as abnormal sexual behavior.
c. classification of sexual practices as abnormal is strongly influenced by culture
The role of anxiety in erectile dysfunction according to Barlow and colleagues ________ a. has been shown not to exist. b. actually enhances performance. c. is less important than the distraction of thinking about it. d. is the main problem.
c. is less important than the distraction of thinking about it.
Statutory rape ________ a. describes sexual activity that occurs under actual or threatened forcible coercion. b. is sexual activity with a person who is under the age of 18. c. is sexual activity with a person who is legally defined to be under the age of consent. d. has only occurred when the rape victim has said "no."
c. is sexual activity with a person who is legally defined to be under the age of consent.
Rape shield laws ________ a. limit the amount of information about the defendant's past crimes that can be used in court. b. limit the amount of information that can be used in court about the mental health status of the defendant. c. limit the amount of information about a victim's past sexual history that can be used in court. d. are no longer used.
c. limit the amount of information about a victim's past sexual history that can be used in court.
The National Health and Social Life Survey has been shown to be ________ a. most likely accurate. b. most likely an underestimate because many people were too embarrassed to admit problems. c. most likely an overestimate because researchers didn't ask about distress or impairment. d. most likely an overestimate because most people exaggerated their problems due to discomfort.
c. most likely an overestimate because researchers didn't ask about distress or impairment.
The ________ enjoys inflicting pain, while the ________ desires pain and degradation. a. masochist; sadist b. voyeur; sadist c. sadist; masochist d. sadist; voyeur
c. sadist; masochist
The only treatment that has been shown to be effective in treating gender dysphoria is ________ a. long-term psychodynamic therapy. b. aversion therapy. c. surgical sex reassignment. d. medication to alter hormone production.
c. surgical sex reassignment.
Research about sexuality is ________ a. one of the earliest areas of research in psychology. b. limited because there are relatively few forms of abnormal sexual behavior. c. surprisingly limited due to taboos and political controversies surrounding sexual topics. d. abundant, although it is plagued by methodological problems.
c. surprisingly limited due to taboos and political controversies surrounding sexual topics.
Concern about childhood sexual abuse has increased in the past decade due to ________ a. evidence that it is increasing in frequency. b. changes in laws requiring that any suspicion of abuse must be reported to the authorities. c. the recognition that such abuse may lead to other problems later in life. d. improved techniques for determining the accuracy of recovered memories.
c. the recognition that such abuse may lead to other problems later in life.
One of the most controversial issues in psychology today concerns ________ a. whether there are any serious consequences of childhood sexual abuse. b. whether there are any serious long-term consequences of rape and molestation in adult women. c. the validity of recovered (formerly repressed) memories of abuse. d. the validity of women's reports of rape.
c. the validity of recovered (formerly repressed) memories of abuse.
Sexual behavior and attitudes are shaped by the influences of _________ a. intelligence. b. research-based facts. c. time and place. d. comorbid diagnoses.
c. time and place.
Incest offenders differ from extra-familial child molesters in that the incest offenders ________ a. don't show arousal to pictures of children. b. typically have more victims. c. typically choose girls as victims. d. are more introverted.
c. typically choose girls as victims.
A review of outcome literature found that ______ of 220 male-to-female transsexuals did not regret their decision and ______ of 130 female-to-male transsexuals reported successful outcomes. a. 50 percent; 65 percent b. 70 percent; 75 percent c. 75 percent; 90 percent d. 87 percent; 97 percent
d. 87 percent; 97 percent
Which statement below about the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse is accurate? a. The prevalence of sexual abuse is probably lower than is commonly thought. b. Estimated prevalence rates range from 25 percent to 75 percent. c. Because of increased media attention, the prevalence has dropped dramatically in recent years d. Because definitions vary widely, estimates of prevalence vary widely, too.
d. Because definitions vary widely, estimates of prevalence vary widely, too.
. Julia has a shoe fetish—she is not able to enjoy sex unless her partner is wearing her shoes. She needs to be touching the shoes in order to achieve sexual gratification. She becomes aroused by the sight of her own shoes. What is unusual about Julia's case of shoe fetishism? a. Most fetishes involve animate objects. b. Sexual dysfunction usually is seen in the fetishist. c. Partners are usually not involved. d. Female fetishists are rare.
d. Female fetishists are rare.
Why is ritualized homosexuality practiced among the Sambia people of Papua, New Guinea? a. Women are viewed as unattractive. b. Heterosexual intercourse is only acceptable between married partners. c. Few adults are exclusively heterosexual. d. For the purpose of semen conservation.
d. For the purpose of semen conservation.
Which of the following is cross-culturally universal? a. Acceptance of homosexuality as an alternative lifestyle b. Attitudes toward premarital sex c. A distaste for extramarital sex between consenting adults d. Males value physical appearance in partners more than females
d. Males value physical appearance in partners more than females
Which of the following statements is true about paraphilias? a. Almost all people with paraphilias are women. b. Almost all people with paraphilias wish to change their sexual preferences. c. Paraphilias typically begin around the time of middle adulthood. d. Many people with paraphilias have more than one.
d. Many people with paraphilias have more than one.
Which of the following disorders is associated with engaging in autoerotic asphyxia? a. Transvestic fetishism b. Scatologia c. Frotteurism d. Masochism
d. Masochism
What is a paraphilia? a. An abnormal level of sexual desire and behavior, whether homosexual or heterosexual. b. An impairment in either the desire for sexual gratification or a dysfunction in achieving it. c. A recurrent and distressing pattern of excluding all sexual behaviors except for masturbation. d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.
d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.
During which phase of the sexual response is there a characteristic sense of well-being and relaxation? a. Desire b. Orgasm c. Excitement d. Resolution
d. Resolution
What is the single greatest flaw in the studies designed to find effective treatments for sex offenders? a. The lack of female subjects b. The variability of the offenses committed c. The inability to conduct follow-up assessments d. The lack of randomly assigned controls
d. The lack of randomly assigned controls
What do the drugs Lupron and Depo-Provera have in common? a. They are medications used for men with erectile dysfunction. b. They are the only drugs proven to increase sexual desire. c. They are drugs used to modify the feelings and thoughts of transsexuals. d. They are drugs used to chemically castrate sex offenders.
d. They are drugs used to chemically castrate sex offenders.
Among psychoanalysts in the 1930s and 1940s, homosexuality was first seen as ________ but later was seen as ________. a. a form of criminal behavior; defense against heterosexual urges b. a severe form of psychological disability; a normal variant of sexual behavior c. a result of highly pathological parent-child relationships; a conscious effort to gain attention d. a variation of sexual function; a pathological escape from heterosexuality
d. a variation of sexual function; a pathological escape from heterosexuality
A man who is aroused by the thought of himself as a woman has the paraphilia known as ________ a. transvestism. b. transsexualism. c. protophilia. d. autogynephilia.
d. autogynephilia.
Most boys with gender dysphoria ________ a. become transvestites in adulthood. b. become transsexual adults. c. are readily accepted by their peers. d. become homosexual adults who no longer wish to change their gender.
d. become homosexual adults who no longer wish to change their gender.
The recidivism rate for rapists ________ a. suggests that neither incarceration nor treatment is an effective approach to dealing with this type of crime. b. is much higher than is suggested by the media. c. has been declining since the introduction of mandatory chemical castration. d. decreases steadily with age.
d. decreases steadily with age.
In __________, the individual has recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, and behaviors involving the use of some inanimate object or a part of the body not typically found erotic. a. transvestism b. gender identity disorder c. homosexuality d. fetishistic disorder
d. fetishistic disorder
Cross-gender identification is characteristic of ________ a. transvestic fetishism. b. exhibitionism. c. frotteurism. d. gender dysphoria.
d. gender dysphoria.
Recently, ________ disorder has been re-evaluted and many prominent sex researchers consider it to be a physical, medical problem rather than a psychological one. a. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder b. female sexual interest/arousal disorder c. delayed ejaculation disorder d. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
d. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
Sexual dysfunctions ________ a. are only diagnosed when the cause is psychological maladjustment. b. only occur in heterosexual couples. c. rarely affect the enjoyment of sex for the two parties in the relationship. d. involve the impairment of either the desire for sexual gratification or the ability to achieve it.
d. involve the impairment of either the desire for sexual gratification or the ability to achieve it.
Angela is 10 and has been a victim of sexual abuse. The long-term effects ________ a. will include dissociative symptoms. b. will almost certainly produce severe changes in thought, feeling, and behavior. c. generally involve a compensatory sense of control. d. may include later suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
d. may include later suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Patricia, age 10, refuses to wear dresses and insists on being called Pat. She knows she is a girl, but she says boys have it better. She prefers playing with boys and only plays the games they play. She says she wants to be a football player and a mother when she grows up. Pat has ________ a. transsexualism. b. transvestism. c. gender identity disorder. d. no disorder.
d. no disorder.
Money and others have suggested that men are more vulnerable to paraphilias because _________ a. men are more easily aroused than women. b. developing an attachment to an inanimate object is just a reflection of the male tendency to objectify women. c. lasting maternal conflicts leave men unable to develop healthy sexual relationships with women. d. sexual arousal in men is more visually based than the sexual arousal of women.
d. sexual arousal in men is more visually based than the sexual arousal of women.
Serial killers tend to be ________ a. pedophiles. b. masochists. c. voyeurs. d. sexual sadists.
d. sexual sadists.
Gary finds himself sexually aroused by dressing in women's clothing. He sometimes steals the clothes from women and from stores. He has a wife and is happy in his marriage. Gary's most likely diagnosis is ________ a. fetishism. b. gender identity disorder. c. exhibitionism. d. transvestic disorder.
d. transvestic disorder.
Incest ________ a. is an accepted practice in many cultures. b. commonly occurs in most animal species. c. has only occurred among first cousins. d. was once used to protect the royal blood in Egypt.
d. was once used to protect the royal blood in Egypt
In the sadomasochistic community, males seeking sexual arousal may employ women dressed in tight leather or rubber outfits to inflict sexually charged pain and humiliation on them. These women are referred to as ________ a. dominatrixes. b. masters. c. comandantresses. d. madams.
dominatrixes
The developmental course for autogynephilic transsexuals differs from homosexual transsexuals in that autogynephilic transsexuals ________ a. are motivated by a paraphilia in which their attraction is to thoughts, images, or fantasies of themselves as a woman. b. are not sexually attracted to males. c. typically become aware of their gender dysphoria at a later age than what is noted with homosexual transsexuals. d. often have a history of being sexually abused as a child.
a. are motivated by a paraphilia in which their attraction is to thoughts, images, or fantasies of themselves as a woman.
The most common form of incest is between ________ a. brother and sister. b. father and daughter. c. mother and son. d. brother and brother.
a. brother and sister.
The most common form of incest is ________ a. brother-sister. b. mother-son. c. father-daughter. d. brother-brother.
a. brother-sister.
Rape shield laws protect the victim ________ a. by preventing the defense attorney from using evidence of a victim's prior sex history. b. from the trauma of having to testify in front of the accused rapist. c. by providing rape kits to physicians in emergency care settings for use in collecting perpetrator DNA evidence from the victim. d. by eliminating a statute of limitation for how much time can pass before a victim reports and files charges.
a. by preventing the defense attorney from using evidence of a victim's prior sex history.
"Semen is responsible for masculine characteristics such as beard growth and for general physical and sexual vigor. Therefore, wasting semen through masturbation and patronizing prostitutes is damaging to the nervous system." This statement best illustrates the ________ theory of sexual behavior. a. degeneracy b. psychoanalytic c. abstinence d. disease
a. degeneracy
Kellogg's cornflakes were designed to be anti-masturbation food because it was believed that _______ a. eating meat increased sexual desire. b. the amount of time it took to eat them would help distract people from sexual interests. c. the effort it took to eat them would make people too tired to be interested in sex. d. cereals and grains caused impotence.
a. eating meat increased sexual desire.
The most common sexual offense reported to the police in the United States, Canada, and Europe is ________ a. exhibitionism. b. voyeurism. c. frotteurism. d. pedophilia.
a. exhibitionism.
Aversion therapy may involve ________ a. exposure to a foul odor when becoming sexually aroused to a deviant stimulus. b. rewarding appropriate sexual responses. c. continuous masturbation to a paraphilic fantasy. d. repeated expression of aggressive feelings to the point of exhaustion.
a. exposure to a foul odor when becoming sexually aroused to a deviant stimulus.
Girls with gender dysphoria are different from girls described as "tomboys" in that the girl with gender dysphoria _____________, while the "tomboy" girl ____________. a. expresses a desire to be a boy or to grow up to be a man; does not express a desire to be a male b. is focused on changing her physical self; is focused on the perceived power advantage males experience c. tends to show an interest in traditional boy toys but is not particularly interested in athletics; is focused on sports play and not traditional boy toys d. does not relate well to female children; relates well to children of both sexes
a. expresses a desire to be a boy or to grow up to be a man; does not express a desire to be a male
Hannah experiences sexual excitement but rarely has an orgasm during routine sexual intercourse unless there is direct stimulation to her clitoris. With stimulation, sex is satisfying. Most researchers would concur that Hannah's experience is ________ a. fairly common and not considered disordered. b. indicative of female orgasmic disorder. c. problematic and could be improved upon through partner education. d. the type of dysfunction that responds well to cognitive-behavioral interventions.
a. fairly common and not considered disordered.
A man who seeks out situations where he is sexually aroused by rubbing his genitals against an unsuspecting woman in a crowded bus or train could be diagnosed with the DSM-5 disorder _________ a. frotteurism. b. voyeurism. c. exhibitionism. d. fetishism.
a. frotteurism
Some gay men are known to dress "in drag" on occasion. This behavior is not considered to be the paraphilia known as transvestism because ________ a. gay men do not typically dress in drag for sexual pleasure. b. dressing in drag is done with the purpose of providing comic entertainment for other men. c. transvestites are exclusively heterosexual. d. cross-dressing gay men do not express guilt about cross-dressing, but transvestites experience guilt and shame after a cross-dressing episode.
a. gay men do not typically dress in drag for sexual pleasure.
Among children referred to clinics for gender dysphoria, boys outnumbered girls five to one in one study and three to one in another study. This imbalance may reflect _______ a. greater parental concern about femininity in boys than about masculinity in girls. b. greater societal acceptance of traditionally masculine traits in both sexes. c. the tendency for gender dysphoric boys to act out in more physically aggressive ways. d. the higher rates of depression and suicidality found in gender dysphoric boys.
a. greater parental concern about femininity in boys than about masculinity in girls.
Most female-to-male transsexuals________ a. have always felt that they should be male. b. did not have gender dysphoria as children. c. want to be homosexual men. d. have a paraphilia in which they are attracted to themselves as a man.
a. have always felt that they should be male.
Most sadists are ________ a. heterosexual men. b. homosexual men. c. heterosexual women. d. homosexual women.
a. heterosexual men.
the McMartin Preschool case demonstrates how ________ a. interviewing style can alter the nature of a child's testimony. b. psychotherapy can reveal repressed memories of abuse. c. the public prefers to deny the reality of childhood sexual abuse. d. children will not misreport experiences of sexual abuse because they are such traumatic events.
a. interviewing style can alter the nature of a child's testimony.
It is quite rare for pedophilia to ________ a. involve a female pedophile. b. involve sexual penetration or violence. c. occur in children between 8 and 11. d. include manipulation of the child's genitals.
a. involve a female pedophile.