Chapter 12: Systems Planning and Development

17. Legacy systems are older systems that organizations decide to continue to use because the investment in a new system would not justify the improved features or because the old systems have some advantage that cannot be obtained from newer systems. a. True b. False

true

19. It is difficult, if not impossible, to devise a way to measure software development competence. a. True b. False

true

3. SDLC stands for systems development life cycle. a. True b. False

true

5. A small ad hoc team usually performs a quick preliminary investigation to determine the need for a new system. a. True b. False

true

7. Organizational culture includes issues such as tendency to share or not to share information among units and people, willingness to team-play, and the proclivity of employees to experiment with new ideas and technologies. a. True b. False

true

9. While data flow diagrams are easy to learn and use, they cannot describe a system completely. a. True b. False

true

34. A(n) ----- is an activity that the system executes in response to a user. a. use case b. class c. interaction d. state

use case

43. Agile methods are an efficient approach to development when a system is ---- , when it deals with unstructured problems, and when the users cannot specify all the requirements at the start of the project. a. small b. large c. complex d. well-funded

small

---- is a graphical standard for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software.

Unified Modeling Language (UML

------ is independent of particular programming languages, but it does provide standard visual symbols and notations for specifying object-oriented elements, such as classes and procedures. a. Extensible Markup Language (XML) b. Unified Modeling Language (UML) c. Structured Query Language e (SQL) d. Algebraic Modeling Language (AML)

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

-----consists of diagrams that describe the following types of software: use case, class, interaction, state, activity, and physical components.

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

31. A carefully drawn ------- can provide a useful representation of a system, whether existing or planned. a. directed acyclic graph b. business process model c. structure chart d. data flow diagram

data flow diagram

36. The implementation of a new IS, also called ----- , consists of two steps: conversion and training. a. replacement b. delivery c. turn-in d. migration

delivery

10. State charts represent highly active states that are triggered by completion of the actions of other states. a. True b. False

false

14. In Extreme Programming (XP), the initial software is developed over a period of several months with intense research and preparation. a. True b. False

false

16. Systems integration deals with the analysis and development of a stand-alone information system. a. True b. False

false

18. It is often considered simple to integrate disparate legacy systems of several companies. a. True b. False

false

2. The IT mission includes the ideal combination of hardware, software, and networking to support the corporation. a. True b. False

false

4. The systems analysis phase is a three-step process. a. True b. False

false

8. A data store is any event or sequence of events in which data is either changed or acted on. a. True b. False

false

46. The concept of extracting business intelligence from large data warehouses often involves------ of several information systems. a. compilation b. codification c. autocategorization d. integration

integration

26. The first step in systems analysis is ---- , which determines whether there is a real need for a system and whether the system as conceived is feasible. a. investigation b. research c. search d. quest

investigation

54. If a preliminary report concludes that the business situation warrants investment in a new IS, a more comprehensive --- might be authorized.

investigation

----- consists of post-implementation debugging and updating (making changes and additions), including adding features that were originally desired but later postponed so budget and time limits could be met.

maintenance

40. Although , part of the support phase of a system's lifecycle, is viewed by IS professionals as lacking in glamour, it should not be taken lightly or left to less-experienced professionals. a. analysis b. database design c. maintenance d. executive training

maintenance

20. A ---- is a paragraph that communicates the most important overarching goal of the organization for the next few years. a. mission statement b. corporate value c. financial statement d. scenario plan

mission statement

49. Although the ultimate mission of any organization is to survive and—if it is a forprofit organization—to produce profit for its owners -----, are rarely limited to these points.

mission statements

A(n) ----can be a spreadsheet showing all the costs to be incurred by the system and all the benefits that are expected from its operation.

ost/benefit analysis

37. In ---, the old system is used along with the new system for a predetermined period of time. a. phased conversion b. cut-over conversion c. parallel conversion d. flash cut conversion

parallel conversion

38. ISs, especially large ones, can often be broken into functional modules and phased into operation one at a time, a process called . a. flash cut conversion b. cut-over conversion c. parallel conversion d. phased conversion

phased conversion

50. Agile methods developed out of ---, an application development approach that emerged in the 1980s aimed at cutting costs and time.

prototyping

____ involves fast development of an application based on initial user requirements and several cycles of user input and developer improvements.

prototyping

28. To find the ------ , the net present value of the system is calculated by combining the net present value of the costs of the system with the net present value of the benefits of the system. a. rate of return (ROR) b. return on investment (ROI) c. return on assets (ROA) d. return on capital (ROC)

return on investment (ROI)

56. The most accurate method of economic analysis is the fully quantitative -----.

return on investment (ROI)

61. A(n) ----uses only four symbols: external entities, processes, data stores, and the direction in which data flows.

data flow diagram (DFD)

1. When planning, it is important to align IT strategies with the overall strategies of the organization. a. True b. False

true

12. Agile methods treat software development as a series of contacts with users. a. True b. False

true

13. Agile methods make extensive use of iterative programming. a. True b. False

true

15. The systematic approach of the SDLC is recommended if the system is complex and consists of many modules. a. True b. False

true

A(n) -----diagram is used to describe the flow of data in a business operation.

: data flow

66. A cut-over conversion is also called -----conversion.

: flash cut cut-over direct

30. ---- are the functions that a system is expected to fulfill and the features through which it will perform its tasks. a. IT visions b. Systems designs c. IT tactics d. System requirements

System requirements

67. A(n) ----is an organization whose management agrees to test the new system for several months and provide feedback.

beta site

11. Cut-over conversion reduces risks because it confines any problems to fewer units. a. True b. False

false

59. ----- comprises three steps: a description of the components and how they will work, construction, and testing.

systems design

----is a calculation of the difference between the stream of benefits and the stream of costs over the life of the system, discounted by the applicable interest rate.

:Return on investment (ROI)

41.-----make extensive use of iterative programming, involving users often, and keeping programmers open to modifications while the development is still under way. a. Traditional methods b. Agile methods c. Incremental methods d. Waterfall methods

Agile methods

48. ---- is meant to guarantee that the experts have passed tests that ensure their skills. a. Standardization b. Feasibility studies c. Certification d. Systems analysis

Certification

64. ----- takes place when an operation switches from using an old system to using a new system.

Conversion

6. If the return on investment (ROI) of an economic analysis is negative, the system is economically feasible, or cost justified. a. True b. False

False

22. ---- describes the role of IT in an organization. a. IT vision b. IT tactical plans c. IT strategy outlines d. IT mission statement

IT mission statement

----is an umbrella term referring to the general tone of the corporate environment.

Organizational culture

47. ----- is a set of processes and methods used by project managers to determine which projects will meet the organization's operational and financial goals in relation to its strategic objectives as well as the needs of its customers. a. Supply chain management b. Customer relationship management c. Change management d. Project portfolio management

Project portfolio management

45. Identify an advantage of certifications. a. Provides simple ways of measuring competence b. Increases competition outside a closed group c. Protects potential employers against charlatans d. Provides knowledge that remains up to date

Protects potential employers against charlatans

29. Software vendors often promote fast ---- as a selling point, and express it in terms of the short period of time over which the adopting organization can recoup the investment. a. ROA b. ROC c. ROI d. ROR

ROI

23. --- is a traditional approach to systems development. a. SDLC b. ASD c. DSDM d. RUP

SDLC

42. While the SDLC or any other waterfall approach requires users to sign off on their requirements and then wait for the system to be completed, -----encourage users' involvement throughout the process. a. agile methods b. traditional methods c. spiral methods d. sequential methods

agile methods

27. The development of a new information system is economically justified if the ---- . a. benefits outweigh the costs b. operational costs are high c. return on investment is negative d. costs exceed returns

benefits outweigh the costs

39. When a system is developed by a software vendor for a wide market rather than for a specific client, conversion often takes place at . a. alpha sites b. gamma sites c. delta sites d. beta sites

beta sites

21. ---- is a structured, disciplined approach that facilitates the adoption of new or modified systems by various groups and individuals within an organization. a. Prototyping b. Data mining c. Change management d. Knowledge extraction

change management

35. A challenge during the support phase of a system's life cycle is ----- . a. complying with changing business needs b. converting operations from an old system to a new system c. integrating disparate stand-alone information systems d. investigating the feasibility of a new information system

complying with changing business needs

65. In a ------- , the old system is discarded and the new one takes over the entire business operation for which it was developed.

cut-over conversionflash cut conversion direct conversion direct cut-over

25. After the planning phase, the SDLC includes four major phases: analysis, design, implementation, and ---- . a. production b. support c. execution d. documentation

support

24. Large ISs that address structured problems are usually conceived, planned, developed, and maintained within a framework called the ----- . a. enterprise application integration (EAI) b. rapid application development (RAD) c. systems development life cycle (SDLC) d. application lifecycle framework (ALF)

systems development life cycle (SDLC)

44. If a small-system development employing agile methods takes longer than planned, the overall cost is still likely to be smaller than if a full ----- were performed. a. adaptive software development (ASD) b. systems development life cycle (SDLC) c. rational unified process (RUP) d. dynamic systems development method (DSDM)

systems development life cycle (SDLC)

53. The -----approach assumes that the life of an IS starts with a need, followed by an assessment of the functions that a system must have to fulfill that need, and ends when the benefits of the system no longer outweigh its maintenance costs.

systems development life cycle (SDLC)

everal diagramming sets were developed by the 1970s, but in the late-1990s, a de facto standard emerged ------: . a. algebraic modeling language b. discipline-specific modeling language c. unified modeling language d. framework-specific modeling language

unified modeling language

52. The systems development life cycle (SDLC) approach is also called---- , because it consists of several distinct phases that are followed methodically, and the developers complete the phases sequentially.

waterfall development