Chapter 12 Test History

What percent of the Amerindian population was killed by Afro-Eurasian disease during the sixteenth century.

90 percent

What was the primary reason for the rapid increase in the importation of Africans in sixteenth-century Brazil and Caribbean?

Africans were used as labor for sugar plantations.

Ancient civilization in modern day Mexico

Aztecs

Explorers of the New World

Conquistadors

The Columbian Exchange led to which of the following?

Corn (maize) replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa

Catholic Church response to the Reformation

Counter Reformation

Which of the following are reasons that Taino peoples were initially repulsed by Europeans?

Europeans hairiness and bad manners

Which of the following accurately describes Columbus's first impression of the Taino people?

He believed they they were childlike primitives.

Loose confederation of principalities clustered in central Europe

Holy Roman Empire

South America's greatest empire (Peru)

Incas

Which of the following was essential to the Aztec state's legitimacy?

Kinship and clan networks

Which of the following sparked Martin Luther's challenges to the Catholic Church?

Luther was disgusted with corrupt church practices such as the selling of indulgences.

He challenged the authority of the Catholic Church

Martin Luther

Which areas of the Americans produced the bulk of the silver that fueled global commerce in the sixteenth century?

Mesoamerica and the Andes

What was Europe's main contribution to the Atlantic system?

Military technology

What actions did Ottoman officials take to assist the caravan trade transporting goods from China to the Ottoman heartland?

Officials establish caravan series for travelers' refreshment and protection.

Columbus made landfall here in the Bahamas

San Salvador

Precious metal that became essential to the Ming monetary system

Silver

Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Silvers was used to pay taxes and as money in internal markets.

Made sugar cultivation fantastically profitable

Slave Trade

Technique of sailing into the wind rather than before it

Tacking

Aztec capital city

Tenochtitlan

In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztec's constant warfare?

The Aztecs believed that the gods required human and blood, leading to the sacrifice of thousands of war captives.

Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean sea lanes in the early sixteenth century?

The Portuguese mounted small cannons on their vessels to bombard ports and rival ships.

Which of the following attributes made the caravel useful in exploring African coasts?

The caravel was sturdy enough to sail rough Atlantic seas while its ability to tack using its triangular sails made it maneuverable in coastal estuaries.

Commanded four ships around the Cape of Good Hope

Vasco de Gama

From where did the Europeans get the model of sugar cane production used in their American colonies?

West Africa

Columbian Exchange

the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas