Chapter 12 Vocabulary - Motivation and Emotion

psychological need

includes the need to give and receive love

drive

internal condition that orients a person toward a specific goal

extrinsic motivation

occurs when we engage in behaviors in order to obtain rewards or incentives such as money

intrinsic motivation

occurs when we engage in behaviors that we find personally rewarding

William McDougall

psychologist who thought humans were motivated by instincts

Cannon-Bard theory of emotions

states that certain experiences activate the thalamus, which sends messages to specific body organs

Matina Horner

studied fear of success

homeostasis

the body's tendency to maintain a balanced state

David McClelland

tried to measure people's need for achievement

fundamental need

according to Maslow, a need that must be met in order to survive

Abraham Maslow

developed a hierarchy of needs

Thematic Apperception Test

developed as a way to measure achievement motivation

Stanley Schachter

examined reasons for obesity in humans

self-actualization need

need to realize one's unique potential

emotional intelligence

person's ability to perceive, imagine, and understand emotions

Clark Hull

said biological needs cause an organism to strive for homeostasis

James-Lange theory of emotions

says that bodily reactions form the basis for labeling and experiencing emotions

cognitive appraisal theory of emotions

says that our interpretation of a situation is the most important aspect of how we experience it

opponent-process theory of emotions

states that the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work together to regulate emotions

emotion

subjective feeling that is provoked by something that is real or imagined