Chapter 1,2,3,4,5 - Midterm

A person, place, object, event, or concept about which the organization wishes to maintain data is called a(n): _______________________.

Entity

The logical representation of an organization's data is called a(n): ______________________________.

Entity Relational Model

Using a packaged data model, projects take less time and cost because: ________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________.

Essential Components and structures are already defined

The most common source of database failures in organizations is: ______________________________________________________.

Failure to implement a strong database admin function

Program-data dependence is caused by: _____________________________________________________.

File description be stored in each database application

A database is an organized collection of _____________________________ related data.

Logically

A relationship where the minimum and maximum cardinality are both one is a(n) ______________________ relationship.

Mandatory One

A student can attend five classes, each with a different professor. Each professor has 30 students. The relationship of students to professors is a _____________________________ relationship.

Many to Many (M:M)

The third step in the data modeling process with a packaged data model is:

map data to be used from package to data in current databases.

A centralized knowledge base of all data definitions, data relationships, screen and report formats, and other system components is called a(n): __________________________.

repository

Packaged data models: _______________________________________________________________.

require customization

An attribute of an entity that must have a value for each entity instance is a(n): _____________________.

required attribute

An attribute that must have a value for every entity (or relationship) instance is a(n): _________________.

required attribute

Subtypes should be used when ________________________________________________________.

there are attributes that apply to some but not all instances of an entity type.

Data that describe the properties of other data is _____________________________.

Meta Data

The objective that drove the development and evolution of database technology is _______________________________, ____________________________, ________________________.

Need to provide greater independence between programs and data, Need to Provide ever more powerful platforms for decision support applications, desire to manage increasing complex data types and structures.

The number of entity types that participate in a Unary relationship is: ____________________.

One

In a supertype/subtype hierarchy, each subtype has: ________________________________________.

Only One Supertype

The need for consensus on data definitions is an example of which type of risk in the database environment? ____________________________________

Organizational Conflict

The following is a cost/risk of the database approach: ______________________, _______________________, _______________________

Organizational Conflict, Specialized Personal, Cost of Conversion

The ________ rule states that an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes.

Overlap

The subtype discriminator is a composite attribute when there is a(n): __________________________.

Overlap Rule

The advantages of database systems is: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Program Data Independence, Reduce Program Maintence, Better Battery Quantity

The advantages of packaged data models are: ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________.

Projects take less time and cost less, Data Models is easier to evolve, packaged data models can be built using proven components evolved from cumulative experiences.

One of the most popular RAD methods is: __________________________________________________.

Prototyping

An iterative methodology that rapidly repeats the analysis, design, and implementation phases of the SDLC is called: ________________________.

Rapid Development Life Cycle (RAD)

The characteristics of a good data name are: _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________.

Readable, Relates to the Business characteristic, Repeatable

Relational databases establish the relationships between entities by means of common fields included in a file called a(n) _____________________.

Relation

_______________________________ are established between entities in a well-structured database so that the desired information can be retrieved.

Relationships

A knowledge base of information or facts about an enterprise is called a(n): _______________________.

Repository

With the database approach, data descriptions are stored in a central location known as a ______________.

Repository

A workgroup database is stored on a central device called a: ____________________________.

Server

The process of defining one or more subtypes of a supertype and forming relationships is called _______________________.

Specialization

An entity that exists independently of other entity types is ______________________________.

Strong

The most common types of entities are ______________________________________.

Strong Entities

______________________ is a tool even non-programmers can use to access information from a database.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A good data definition will describe all of the characteristics of a data object: ____________________________________________________________________________.

Subtleties, Who Determine The values of the data, Examples

A generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes: _________________________.

Supertype

In a supertype/subtype hierarchy, subtypes that are lower in the hierarchy inherit attributes from not only their immediate supertype but from all ______________________________________ in the hierarchy.

Supertypes

________ analyze the business situation and identify the need for information and information services to meet the problems or opportunities of the business.

System Analysis

The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems is called the ______________________.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A fact is an association between two or more: ___________________________________________.

Terms

A simultaneous relationship among the instances of three entity types is called a ______________________ relationship.

Ternary

Because applications are often developed independently in file processing systems: ___________________________________________.

Unplanned duplicated data files are rules rather than the exception

Business policies and rules govern are _____________________________________________.

Updating Data, Creating Data, Removing Data

Languages, menus, and other facilities by which users interact with the database are collectively called a(n): _____________________________________________________.

User Interface

A(n) ________ is often developed by identifying a form or report that a user needs on a regular basis.

User View

An entity type whose existence depends on another entity type is called a _____________________ entity.

Weak

A relatively small team of people who collaborate on the same project is called a: ___________________.

Workgroup

A user view is: ______________________________________________.

a logical description of some portion of a database

An entity cluster is: _____________________________________________________________________.

a set of one or more entities types and associated relationships grouped into single abstract entity types.

A mutually exclusive relationship is one in which: _____________________________________.

an entity instance can participate in only one of several alternative relationships.

Data modeling may be the most important part of the systems development process because: __________________________________.

data characteristics are important in the design of programs and other systems components.

A good method for identifying inconsistencies and finding hidden meaning in the customized purchased data model is: __________________________________________________________.

data profiling

The number of entity types that participate in a relationship is called the: _________________________.

degree

When identifying the parts of the packaged data model that apply to your organization, one should first start with ______________________________________________________.

Entities

The SDLC phase in which every data attribute is defined, every category of data is listed and every business relationship between data entities is defined is called the __________________________ phase.

Analysis

The SDLC phase in which the detailed conceptual data model is created is the _______________________________ phase.

Analysis

The period that can be considered a "proof of concept" time was the: __________________________.

1960's

E. F. Codd developed the relational model in the: ____________________________________.

1970's

Organizations that utilize the file processing approach spend as much as ________ of their IS development budget on maintenance.

80%

In a file processing environment, descriptions for data and the logic for accessing the data are built into:

Application Programs

An entity that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes specific to the relationships is called a(n): _____________________________.

Associated Entity

A property or characteristic of an entity type that is of interest to the organization is called a(n): __________________________________________.

Attribute

The property by which subtype entities possess the values of all attributes of a supertype is called: ___________________________.

Attribute Inhertance

A person's name, birthday, and social security number are all examples of: _______________________.

Attributes

A ________________________ defines or constrains some aspect of the business.

Business Rule

A ________________________________ specifies the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with each instance of another entity.

Cardinality Constraint

The criteria that should be considered when selecting an identifier is ____________________________________________________________________________.

Choose an identifier that doesn't have large composite attributes.

An entity cluster can be formed by ______________________________________________________.

Combing a strong entity and weak entity

A(n) ______________________________ constraint is a type of constraint that addresses whether an instance of a supertype must also be an instance of at least one subtype.

Completeness

An attribute that can be broken down into smaller parts is called a(n) ______________________ attribute.

Composite

An attribute that uniquely identifies an entity and consists of a composite attribute is called a(n): ___________________________________.

Composite Identifier

An entity type name should be: ___________________________________________________________.

Concise, A singular Noun, Specific to the Organization

A rule that CANNOT be violated by database users is called a: ______________________.

Constraint

The primary purposes of a database management system (DBMS) is: _____________________, __________________, ___________________

Creating Data, Storing Data, Updating Data

A graphical system used to capture the nature and relationships among data is called a(n): _____________.

Data Model

The Properties of Metadata are: _______________________________________, ____________________, ________________________________________

Data Structures, Rule of Constraints, and Data Definiations

The organizational function should set database standards is: ____________________________________.

Database Administraction

What software is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to databases? ____________________________

Database Management System (DBMS)

The characteristic of a good business rule are _______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________.

Declarative, Expressible, Atomic

An attribute that can be calculated from related attribute values is called a __________________ attribute.

Derived

The total quiz points for a student for an entire semester is a(n) _________________________ attribute.

Derived

Organizing the database in computer disk storage is done in the ____________________________ phase.

Design

The _____________________ rule specifies that an entity can be a member of only one subtype at a time.

Disjoint

A _______________________________________ addresses whether an instance of a supertype may simultaneously be a member of two or more subtypes.

Disjoint Constraint

Database development begins with __________________________, which establishes the range and general contents of organizational databases.

Enterprise Data Modeling

Customers, cars, and parts are examples of ______________________________.

Entities

The process of defining a more general entity type from a set of more specialized entity types is called _____________________________________________________.

Generalization

A(n) _______________________ is the relationship between a weak entity type and its owner.

Idenfying Relationships

The SDLC phase in which database processing programs are created is the ____________________ phase.

Implementation

Older systems that often contain data of poor quality are called ___________________________ systems.

Legacy

A value that indicates the date or time of a data value is called a: _________________________.

Time Stamp

In an E-R diagram, there are/is _________________________ business rule(s) for every relationship.

Two

A relationship between the instances of a single entity type is called a ______________________________ relationship.

Unary

A generic or template data model that can be reused as a starting point for a data modeling project is called a(n): _________________________________________________.

Universal Data Model

The steps to using a packaged data model are: ______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________.

identify the parts of the data model that apply to your data modeling situation, rename the identified data elements, map data to be used in packages with existing data in the current databases.

The __________________________________ rule specifies that each entity instance of the supertype must be a member of some subtype in the relationship.

total specialization

The completeness constraint goes with: _________________________________________________.

total specialization

In packaged data models, all subtype/supertype relationships follow the _____________________________ and _______________________________ rules.

total specialization, Overlap