Chapter 12b

Approximately _____ percent of individuals who commit suicide are estimated to have a diagnosable psychological disorder.

90

Which of the following are key symptoms of anorexia nervosa? (Select all that apply.)

Body weight less than 85 percent of the norm for age and height An intense fear of gaining weight Distorted body image

Which of the following are characteristic of the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

Decision-making problems Attentional problems Memory problems

Which of the following are brain structure differences identified through research on the brains of people diagnosed with schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

Enlarged ventricles Smaller than normal prefrontal cortices

The most common cause of relapse in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is which of the following?

Failure to adhere to their medication regimen

The "pseudo-patient" study by David Rosenhan was a classic study that illustrated which of the following?

How labels can be hard to remove once they are applied

Which of the following are true in regard to schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

It is characterized by disordered thought. A common cause of relapse is failure to take medications. It is a serious psychological disorder.

Which of the following are biological factors of suicide? (Select all that apply.)

Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin Genetic factors Poor physical health

Individuals with psychological disorders are which of the following?

More likely to be obese, to smoke, and to drink to excess

Which of the following examples demonstrate hallucinations? (Select all that apply.)

Morgan sees her dead grandmother in her bedroom at night. Rachel continuously detects the smell of burning rubber, but no one else can smell it.

Having a disorder and dealing with the stigma that comes with it can do which of the following?

Negatively affect the physical health of an individual

Which of the following has not been identified as a factor in binge-eating disorder?

Oxytocin levels in the brain

Individuals with psychological disorders must do which of the following to overcome stigma? (Select all that apply.)

Recognize their strengths Confront their disorder(s) Carry on despite their disorder(s)

Which of the following cognitive symptoms apply to Sara, who has a diagnosis of schizophrenia?

She has problems sustaining attention. She is unable to interpret information and make decisions. She cannot hold information in memory.

Which of the following are psychological factors that can contribute to suicide? (Select all that apply.)

Stress Substance abuse Mental illness

Which of the following is true with respect to suicide?

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among U.S. adolescents.

Which of the following best summarizes the results of the "pseudo-patient" study?

The individuals were hospitalized for 3 to 52 days and given a schizophrenia diagnosis.

In what ways is a psychological disorder stigmatizing? (Select all that apply.)

The reality of stigma prevents people from being open about their struggles. Stereotyping and labeling are involved. The mentally ill are stereotyped as being dangerous.

According to the CDC, men are more likely than women to use ______ in a suicide attempt.

a firearm

A major risk factor in the high rate of suicide among the Native American/Alaska Native population is _____.

alcohol abuse

The three most common eating disorders are which of the following?

anorexia nervosa, binge eating, bulimia nervosa

Most people with bulimia nervosa _____.

are preoccupied with food

Which of the following is an example of a delusion related to schizophrenia?

believing that you are the king or queen of a country

During the week, Zack eats healthily and watches his caloric intake. On the weekends, Zack eats large amounts of food and feels out of control. Zack is exhibiting -eating disorder.

binge

______ -eating disorder is characterized by recurrent patterns of eating large amounts of food during which a person feels a lack of control.

binge

Which of the following is not a key symptom of anorexia nervosa?

binge-eating behaviors

_________ nervosa is an eating disorder in which an individual engages in binging and purging behaviors.

bulimia

Seeing cases of extremely harmful behavior by individuals with psychological disorders _____.

can perpetuate the stereotype that people with such disorders are violent

Reasons for variations in suicide rates include the degree to which there are _____ and _____ norms against it.

cultural, religious

Roberta has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She firmly believes that she works for the CIA and God. This is an example of (a) _____.

delusion

_____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

delusions

__________ are firmly held, unshakable beliefs with no basis in reality, and they commonly occur with schizophrenia.

delusions

According to expert Thomas Joiner, suicide includes which two factors?

desire to die acquired capability for suicide

Individuals with schizophrenia in _____ countries tend to have better outcomes over the course of their disease.

developing, nonindustrialized

A well-accepted biological explanation for schizophrenia states that individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have an issues with the neurotransmitter ________ .

dopamine

Anorexia nervosa may require hospitalization and feeding tubes; however, other forms of treatment include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

drug therapies, psychotherapy

_______ disorders are characterized by extreme disturbances in an individual's food consumption behavior.

eating

The risk of suicide for a person diagnosed with schizophrenia is _____ times that of the general population.

eight

True or false: According to the current, predominant understanding of the disorder, genetic factors alone are enough to produce schizophrenia.

false

True or false: Researchers currently believe that one major cause of schizophrenia is early childhood experiences with unresponsive parents.

false

True or false: Schizophrenia is caused exclusively by biological factors.

false (caused by both biological and environmental factors)

What are some examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

flat affect social withdrawl

Many factors contribute to eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

genes biological social

As _____ similarity to a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia increases, so does a person's risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia.

genetic

It is quite possible that we are unaware of the many _____ lives that are being lived by individuals who have psychological disorders.

good

_____ is(are) sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli.

hallucinations

What are some examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

hallucinations delusions thought disorders disorders of movement

A person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia might display which of the following disturbances of movement? (Select all that apply.)

immobile facial expressions Catatonia Unusual mannerisms

A person with schizophrenia is likely to show typical _____.

insight

Andrea has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has a persistent delusion that she is the Virgin Mary. What is the best description for her delusion?

it is a positive symptom

Those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia are _____ people with depression to require hospitalization.

more likely than

Barry has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His demeanor is unusual compared to most people because he does not show emotional expression when he speaks and he does not appear to have the ability to read others' emotional expressions. These symptoms are also known as _____.

negative symptoms of schizophernia

Anorexia ____________ is an eating disorder that involves the pursuit of thinness through starvation.

nervosa

Which of the following can be contributing factors to the development of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

problems in neurotransmitters biological predisposition extreme environmental stressors

The drug L-dopa has caused some to experience _____.

psychosis

_____ refers to a state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality. Symptoms of this severe state include delusions and hallucinations.

psychosis

Sally believes that there is special meaning for her in a billboard that is near her house. Since Sally has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, this is likely an example of _____.

referential thinking

People with a diagnosis of ________ account for the largest percentage of those hospitalized for mental disorders.

schizophrenia

_____ refers to a disorder, or class of disorders, in which severe distortion of reality occurs.

schizophrenia

The ___________ attached to psychological disorders can provoke prejudice and discrimination toward individuals who are struggling with these problems.

stigma

Dental problems are common among individuals who have bulimia nervosa due to the persistent exposure to _____, which can wear away tooth enamel.

stomach acids

Contemporary theorists recognize that ____________ may contribute to the development of schizophrenia.

stress

The areas of the brain and endocrine system that respond to _____ are overactive in people with binge-eating disorder.

stress

Which of the following are typical of an individual with bulimia nervosa? (Select all that apply.)

strong fear of becoming overweight attempts to keep the behavior a secret weight within a normal weight range

Poor physical health, especially when it is a chronic condition, is a risk factor for _____.

suicide

Which of the following is not a common health complication in bulimia nervosa?

thinning of bones and hair

The _____________ disorder called word salad is used to describe incoherent, loose word associations that sometimes appear in the speech of a person diagnosed with schizophrenia.

thought

Anorexia nervosa is much more common in girls and women than boys and men.

true

True or false: Anorexia nervosa is believed to have the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

true

True or false: People with schizophrenia in developed, industrialized nations tend to have worse outcomes than those in developing, nonindustrialized nations.

true

Individuals who have psychological disorders are _____ than those who are psychologically healthy.

two times more likely to die

Individuals with schizophrenia often stop taking their medications because of _____.

unpleasant side effects

Enlarged _____ in the brain have been found in MRI scans of people with schizophrenia.

ventricles

_______ are three times more likely to attempt suicide, but______ are four times more likely to actually complete suicide.

women, men