Chapter 13

What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention of dental caries?

Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay

Which of the following is known to enhance iron absorption?

Foods containing vitamin C

Which of the following is known to regulate the absorption of zinc?

Metallothionein in the intestinal cells

When eaten in the same meal, which of the following foods enhances the absorption of iron in legumes?

Oranges

Which of the following is a feature of zinc in nutrition?

Pancreatic enzymes are rich in zinc

Which of the following characteristics is shared by zinc and iron?

Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport

Fluoride deficiency is best known to lead to

dental decay.

What is hepcidin?

A liver-derived hormone that helps regulate iron absorption and transport

What is a glucose tolerance factor?

A small organic compound that promotes the action of insulin

What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?

Albumin

Which of the following characteristics are shared by copper and fluoride?

Both may be obtained from drinking tap water

Which of the following foods are known to contain goitrogens?

Cauliflower and broccoli

Which of the following is a common side effect from taking iron supplements?

Constipation

What is the function of MFP factor?

Enhances iron absorption

Which of the following conditions is known to lead to copper deficiency?

Excess zinc

Which of the following is known to cause discolored enamel of the teeth?

Excessive fluoride in the water

If cow's milk is found to contain unusually high levels of iodine, what is the most likely explanation?

Exposure of cows to iodide-containing medications and disinfectants

When calculating the amount of iron that can be absorbed from a meal, all of the following factors are of major importance except

EDTA content.

Which of the following compounds provides a major storage reservoir for iron?

Ferritin

What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?

Functional foods

Which of the following may result from iodine deficiency?

Goiter

Which of the following disorders may be linked with the presence of high blood iron?

Heart disease

What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream?

Hemoglobin

Which of the following is known as an iron-overload protein?

Hemosiderin

Which of the following minerals functions primarily in reactions that consume oxygen?

Copper

Which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of hemoglobin?

Copper

Which of the following is a known side effect of prolonged ingestion of excessive amounts of zinc supplements?

Copper deficiency due to interference with copper absorption

Which of the following is the richest source of iodine?

Seafood

Which of the following nutrients has functions similar to those of vitamin E?

Selenium

Which of the following meats would be the best source of copper?

Shellfish

Which of the following trace minerals is known to be involved in bone development?

Silicon

Which of the following is a rich source of phytoestrogens?

Soybeans

Among the following, which does not contain the MFP factor?

Spinach

Which of the following is an important function of selenium?

Inhibits the formation of free radicals

As far as is known, what hormone is dependent upon chromium for optimal activity?

Insulin

Which of the following foods should be especially limited in the diet of individuals with hemochromatosis?

Iron-fortified cereals

Why are people with iron overload at increased risk for infections?

Iron-rich blood favors growth of bacteria

Which of the following is a feature of iron absorption?

It is higher in people with iron deficiency

How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption when consumed in the same meal?

It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form

Which of the following represents the most reliable dietary source of zinc?

Meats and whole-grain cereals

Which of the following is a major binding protein for zinc?

Metallothionein

What is the chief function of hemosiderin?

Stores excess body iron

Which of the following fruits are known to contain substances that inhibit the functioning of the thyroid gland?

Peaches and strawberries

What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?

Pica

Which of the following foods provides the greatest amount of iron per serving?

Pinto beans

What is the major cause of iron deficiency?

Poor nutrition

Which of the following is a prominent feature of mild iodine deficiency in children?

Poor performance in school

Iron overload is also known as

hemochromatosis.

Which of the following has been shown to improve absorption of iron from iron supplements?

Taking them on an empty stomach rather than with meals

A measure of the amount at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body is termed

bioavailability.

Chromium deficiency is characterized by

hyperglycemia.

Which of the following is a protein that carries iron through the circulation to the tissues?

Transferrin

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport?

Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow

Which of the following is a common example of iron contamination in the diet?

Using an iron skillet to scramble eggs can triple their iron content

Which of the following nutrients enhances iron absorption from the intestinal tract?

Vitamin C

Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children?

Zinc

Which of the following minerals undergoes enteropancreatic circulation during normal metabolism?

Zinc

The most common cause of iron overload is

a genetic predisposition.

One of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of

carbohydrates.

Lycopene is classified as a(n)

carotenoid.

The most common cause of iodine deficiency is

insufficient intake of iodine from foods.

Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of

iodine.

Low levels of blood hemoglobin most likely indicate a deficiency of

iron.

Absorption of iron from supplements is improved by taking them with

meat.

All of the following are chief storage sites for surplus iron except the

muscle.

Zinc is highest in foods that also contain a high amount of

protein.

A child diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia would most likely benefit from increasing the consumption of

red meat.

Keshan disease results from a deficiency of

selenium.

All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except

sugars.

Commercially available zinc-containing lozenges are advertised to be effective against

the common cold.

One of the thyroid gland hormones is called

thyroxine.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the trace minerals?

The amounts in foods are dependent, in part, on soil composition

What is a goitrogen?

A substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland

Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form?

Chicken

What mineral is part of vitamin B12?

Cobalt

What mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroxine?

Iodine

What nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism?

Iodine

Which of the following would be the most appropriate food source of iodide for a person who lives inland?

Iodized table salt

All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except

MFP factor.

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron utilization?

Most of the body's iron is recycled

What is the oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells?

Myoglobin

What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride?

Public water

A person with high blood levels of hepcidin responds by

decreasing iron absorption.

Iron deficiency in children is likely to result from a diet that overemphasizes

milk.

Naturally occurring food sources of fluoride include all of the following except

milk.