Chapter 13
If a cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would each of its four daughter cells have after meiosis?
12
A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.
16
How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n = 8)?
16
Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.
23
What is the ploidy of organisms that have two sets of chromosomes?
2n
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be
2x
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
A sperm
Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.
Anaphase I
During _____ sister chromatids separate.
Anaphase II
During what phase do sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles.
Anaphase II
A single individual reproducing is called what?
Asexual reproduction
Which structure is directly correlated with the production of genetic variability in the daughter cells produced during meiosis?
Chiasma
True or false? A haploid organism has one pair of homologous chromosomes.
False
Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.
Four Haploid
How many haploid cells are present at the end of telophase II and cytokinesis?
Four haploid
Human gametes are produced by what?
Meiosis
Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during
Meiosis I
Which of the following statements about meiosis and mitosis is true?
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome seperate.
During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.
Metaphase II
Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals?
Multicellular haploid
What is the composition of a tetrad at the beginning of prophase I?
One pair of homologous chromosomes
Synapsis occurs during _____.
Prophase I
During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.
Prophase II
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that
Sister chromatids separate during anaphase
What are the possible products of meiosis in plant and animal life cycles?
Spores and gametes
At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.
Telophase I
At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.
Telophase II
What information can not be obtained from an individual's karyotype?
The sequence of bases of a particular gene.
True or False: Meiosis produces haploid gametes from diploid parental cells
True
True or False: Mitosis goes on continuously in most parts of the body, whereas meiosis takes place only in the gonads.
True
True or False: Once meiosis I is completed, cells are haploid.
True
True or False: Pairing of homologous chromosomes is followed by crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
True
Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is ________.
Two... Haploid